HIF-1α-centered metabolic reprogramming in osteoarthritis: cell type-specific effects and intercellular crosstalk among chondrocytes, BMSCs, and macrophages
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a systemic metabolic disorder characterized by cartilage degeneration and pathological changes in the “core functional cell populations” in the joints, i.e., chondrocytes, bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs), and macrop…