A new study from the University of Gothenburg may help guide the development of better influenza vaccines. Memory cells in the nose slow the influenza virus as soon as it enters the body. They reduce viral levels and may help protect against more sever…
PFAS, or per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, are a group of human-made chemicals found in everything from food packaging to firefighting foam. Often called “forever chemicals” due to their persistence in the environment, they can affect our health and…
A research team has discovered a previously unknown mechanism by which the immune system fights bacterial infections. The scientists found that a specific protein, the chloride channel PACC1, is crucial for immune cells to effectively kill bacteria. If…
More than 35,000 men in the United States die from prostate cancer each year. Now, a new study reveals the immune cell weaponry we might use to save lives.
Allergy affects more than one billion people worldwide—and the number is rising. For many, it means mild symptoms such as itching and a runny nose. For others, it can develop into life-threatening reactions. Now, two new studies bring researchers an im…
Researchers at Oregon Health & Science University have uncovered a key reason why immunotherapy has largely failed in pancreatic cancer—and identified a promising strategy to overcome that resistance. The study, published in the journal Immunity, shows…
Increasing maternal prepregnancy body mass index (ppBMI) and increasing birth length are associated with offspring atopic dermatitis by age 3 years, according to a study published online March 23 in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: Global.
Since 2017, a personalized immunotherapy called Chimeric Antigen Receptor, or CAR-T cell treatment, has worked wonders to treat patients with blood cancers such as leukemia. But when it comes to treating solid tumor cancers, such as lung, breast and ki…
Statistics show clear differences in the population’s immune system according to sex: men are more susceptible to infections and cancers, while women have stronger immune responses, which translate, for example, into better responses to vaccines. Even …
A common eye-health nutrient, zeaxanthin, may also help the body fight cancer more effectively. Scientists discovered it strengthens T cells and enhances the impact of immunotherapy treatments. Found in everyday vegetables and supplements, it’s safe, a…
The immune system is designed to protect us against viruses and bacteria. In autoimmune diseases, however, the immune system instead attacks the body’s own cells. Conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus) and rheumatoid arthritis are well…
Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Apr 9:S1933-0219(26)00040-1. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.04.003. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are distinct lineages defined by lineage-specifying transcription factors that drive their differentiation and effector programs. Despite being stable lineages, ILC plasticity has been reported. Plasticity is characterized by downregulation of the transcription factor that specifies the current ILC lineage, … Read more
Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Apr 9:S1933-0219(26)00041-3. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.04.004. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Epithelial barriers constitute the first line of immune defense, preventing pathogen adherence, growth and entry through physical and chemical mechanisms. Essential to chemical defense are reactive oxygen species, usually provided by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase. DUOX2, a related oxidase, functions as sensor of … Read more
J Leukoc Biol. 2026 Apr 9:qiag047. doi: 10.1093/jleuko/qiag047. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Trained innate immunity (TI) challenges the traditional view that adaptive immune cells are solely responsible for establishing immune memory. Instead, innate immune cells can develop a form of memory through persistent epigenetic, metabolic, and antimicrobial modifications, enabling them to respond to secondary … Read more
J Leukoc Biol. 2026 Apr 2;118(4):qiag040. doi: 10.1093/jleuko/qiag040. ABSTRACT Coiled-coil domain-containing proteins (CCDCs) play pivotal roles in tumorigenesis by regulating gene transcription, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression. This study focuses on the function and mechanisms of CCDC137 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Our findings revealed that CCDC137 is significantly overexpressed in AML and is closely … Read more
Trends Immunol. 2026 Apr 9:S1471-4906(26)00069-4. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2026.03.008. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Ferroptosis, a regulated form of cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, has attracted considerable attention in tumor biology and cancer therapy. Beyond its intrinsic role in tumor suppression, ferroptosis greatly influences the tumor immune microenvironment. Ferroptotic tumor cells release damage-associated molecular patterns, … Read more
Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Apr 8:S1933-0219(26)00039-5. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.04.002. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The leukocyte NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) is an important regulator of inflammatory responses, independent of its antimicrobial activity. Inactivating mutations in NOX2 cause chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a severe immunodeficiency associated with recurrent infections and dysregulated neutrophilic inflammation. Recurrent oral ulcers, stomatitis, gingivitis, … Read more
Trends Immunol. 2026 Apr 9:S1471-4906(26)00068-2. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2026.03.007. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The central nervous system (CNS), once considered immune privileged, is, in fact, protected by a dynamic immune compartment located in the meninges. These immune cells are crucial for brain protection, controlling neuroinflammation, and also supporting neural function. Recent studies show that meningeal immune … Read more
Cancer Immunol Res. 2026 Apr 10. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-25-1073. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with low immunotherapy efficacy due to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) disease, which accounts for most cases of CRC. Herine, we have identified discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) … Read more
Cancer Immunol Res. 2026 Apr 10. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-25-0498. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) promote tumor growth and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Platelets can activate neutrophils and contribute to inflammation and organ damage; however, the relationship between TANs and platelets in HCC remains unclear. We performed multiplex immunohistochemistry and found that tumor-infiltrating … Read more
Background
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a pivotal role in shaping the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, thereby driving tumor progression and contributing to resistance to therapy. The surface molecules expressed on MDSCs serv…
Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors achieve high response rates in relapsed or refractory (r/r) classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), but few treatment options are available for patients who experience failure after PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. T cell immunog…
Cellular & Molecular Immunology, Published online: 10 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41423-026-01408-9Hepatocyte-derived LRG1 primes the liver for metastasis and impairs immunotherapy
Curr Opin Immunol. 2026 Apr 8;100:102776. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2026.102776. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning are widely promoted as transformative tools for medical practice, yet their impact in daily rheumatology remains limited. This review examines the gap between expectations and reality using historical parallels, conceptual considerations, and recent methodological evidence. Experiences … Read more
Curr Opin Immunol. 2026 Apr 8;100:102772. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2026.102772. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT This paper reviews the historical development, pathogenesis, and nomenclature of Sjögren’s syndrome and critiques the recently proposed term ‘Sjögren’s disease’. Early clinical observations gradually defined the disorder as a systemic condition characterized by sicca symptoms and frequent extraglandular involvement. Advances in immunology … Read more
Periodontitis (PD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are two common chronic inflammatory diseases increasingly connected via the “oral-gut axis,” yet their shared molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Oxidative stress, driven by excessive reactive oxygen spec…
Aquaporin-4 antibodies (AQP4-Abs) are a key diagnostic biomarker of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and anti-Argonaute antibodies (AGO-Abs) have recently been reported in a range of autoimmune neurological conditions, although their cli…
The limited translational potential of experimental animal models for human skin disease pathophysiology demands the development of more suitable immunocompetent human experimental models. Psoriasis ranks among the most prevalent human inflammatory ski…
Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders, affecting over 70 million individuals worldwide. However, despite the introduction of more than 30 anti-seizure medications over three decades, approximately 30% of patients continue to suff…
IntroductionTumor necrosis factor-⍺ (TNF⍺) is central to the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and monoclonal antibody-based TNF⍺ inhibitors are amongst the most used biologics worldwide. As an alternative to exogenously administere…
BackgroundTraditional research on the female reproductive tract (FRT) microbiome has focused on the dominance of bacteria, particularly Lactobacillus, as a marker of health. This bacteriocentric paradigm, however, cannot fully explain clinical enigmas …
IntroductionSex-based differences in immune responses to vaccination are well-documented, yet the underlying epigenetic mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigates DNA methylation profiles in B cells following hepatitis B virus (HBV) v…
B cells contribute to humoral immunity by producing antibodies, presenting antigens, and secreting cytokines. Traditionally, B cells have been viewed as predominantly pro-immunogenic effectors that promote adaptive immune responses. However, accumulati…
Fibrosis is a pathological process of wound healing, characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and chronic activation of fibroblasts, leading to organ scarring and a decline in function. Fibrogenesis is predominantly initiated…
Sepsis is a major global cause of critical illness with high mortality. Sepsis-associated thrombocytopenia (SAT) is linked to markedly increased death risk and is a key indicator of poor prognosis. Although platelets are recognized as central players i…
ObjectivesLow temperatures reduce T-cell motility; however, the mechanisms by which T cells adapt to low-temperature environments remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated how T cells respond and adapt to subphysiological temperatures.MethodsCona…
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) severely impairs the function of native and transplanted kidneys, with Arg1+ macrophages playing a pivotal role in tubular regeneration. The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2) mediates debris clea…
IntroductionThe escalating crisis of antibiotic resistance highlights the urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents. This study aims to identify and characterize temporin-1LS, a temporin-family antimicrobial peptide from the dark-spotted frog (Pelophy…
BackgroundAdoptive transfer of virus-specific T lymphocytes (VST) is an emerging strategy for refractory viral infections in immunocompromised individuals and is being prospectively evaluated in the ALLOVISTA clinical trial. Here we describe our experi…
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is regarded as one of the most lethal malignancies, characterized by a poor prognosis and significant resistance to conventional treatments. Although Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has been consid…
Sézary syndrome (SS) is a rare and aggressive type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Due to its rarity and marked biological heterogeneity, SS diagnosis is frequently delayed, as it requires the integration of multiple complex diagnostic tests inter…
ObjectiveLongstanding subclinical Crohn’s Disease (CD) can progress to complications such as intestinal strictures and penetrating (intestinal fistulae, abscesses, or perforations) disease. Despite the advances in non-invasive diagnostics for IBD, ther…
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, remains a formidable therapeutic challenge. Within the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, regulatory T cells (Tregs) have attracted increasing attention for their …
We previously demonstrated that vaccination with RSV-Mnull, a prototype single-cycle live vaccine lacking the matrix (M) gene, generated anti-viral serum IgG and memory T cell responses, and reduced challenge virus shedding and pulmonary dysfunction in…
BackgroundThe IL-1 pathway plays a central role in β-cell dysfunction; however, the relationship between IL-1β/IL-1Ra imbalance and islet autoimmunity in newly diagnosed adult-onset diabetes remains insufficiently defined. This study aimed to evaluate …
BackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a clinically heterogeneous immune-mediated skin disorder. The lack of reliable clinical stratification tools and predictive biomarkers for therapeutic response remains a critical unmet need to optimize treatment and …
IntroductionObesity is increasingly recognized as a systemic condition with neuroinflammatory and psychobiological implications, yet its integrated relationship with inflammatory and neuroendocrine pathways in mental health remains insufficiently chara…
BackgroundRegulatory B cells (Bregs) are critical in regulating immune responses and fostering immune tolerance in various cancers; however, their role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is unclear. This study examined the function of Bre…
BackgroundThe one-strength injection regimen has increasingly become the mainstream paradigm for subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT). This study aimed to assess the safety and tolerability of an optimal accelerated scheme for SCIT using a house dust mite…
IntroductionT cell autoreactivity against the autoantigens LL37 and ADAMTSL5 contributes to inflammation in a subset of psoriatic patients. The immunological mechanisms underlying the treatment response in patients showing autoreactivity remain incompl…
IntroductionNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with profound alterations in the hepatic immune microenvironment; however, a comprehensive understanding of immune cell dynamics across disease stages remains limited.MethodsWe perform…
BackgroundThe development of rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) in patients with anti-MDA5-positive dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease (MDA5+ DM-ILD) is a major cause of adverse outcomes, including mortality. This …
IntroductionBacteria belonging to the Harveyi clade of vibrios, including Vibrio campbellii infect many wild and cultured aquatic organisms and cause major losses in global aquaculture. Although not a primary human pathogen, V. campbellii can act oppor…
by Zhang, H., Huang, Q., Shang, B., Su, G., Tu, H.
The tumor microenvironment (TME), composed of tumor cells together with stromal cells, immune cells, vascular networks, and other components, constitutes a complex ecosystem that plays a decisive role in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis and t…
Background
ABBV-368 is a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets the costimulatory receptor OX40. Here, we investigate a treatment strategy with ABBV-368 combined with the investigational toll-like receptor 9 agonist tilsotolimod, the programmed ce…
by Li, J., Liu, T., Xiao, W., Zhao, D., Li, Q., Liu, S., Li, X., Tong, Y., Li, H., Jiang, H., Wu, S., Li, Z., Tu, H., Gan, Y.
Background
Natural killer (NK) cells are key effectors in antitumor immunity, yet their function is markedly suppressed by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the tumor microenvironment. SMAD7 is an established intracellular antagonist o…
by Jones, T. A., Shapiro, J. W., Sinicrope, S., Li, S., Yasuda, K., Iovino, M., Severe, N., Pinkas, J., Gajewski, T.
Background
Checkpoint blockade therapies have demonstrated clinical benefit across multiple cancer types; however, many patients with immune cell infiltration remain non-responsive or develop resistance. This suggests that additional, unidentified reg…
Background
Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atez/Bev) has become the first-line therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, reliable biomarkers to predict therapeutic response remain lacking.
Methods
We conducted a high-throughput…
Background
To date, no radioimmunotherapy (RIT) regimen has been approved by US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of pancreatic cancers. Highly desmoplastic and immune-desert phenotypes of pancreatic cancer remain two major hurdles that a…
Background
Simlukafusp alfa (FAP-IL2v) was engineered to preferentially activate CD8+ T and natural killer (NK) cells in tumor microenvironments overexpressing fibroblast activation protein (FAP). Checkpoint inhibitors combined with antiangiogenic age…
by Zhu, L., Wu, M., Feng, B., Zhang, Y., Xu, Y., Yu, L.
Background and aims
Human solid tumors such as hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) establish a complex immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that undermines the efficacy of existing immunotherapies such as chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell…
by Woodford, R., Demiguelarroyo, M. J., Jethra, R., Lorigan, P. C., Lim, K. H. J., Thistlethwaite, F.
Autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy has recently been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and Health Canada for the management of patients with advanced melanoma refractory to first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors, wit…
Curr Opin Immunol. 2026 Apr 7;100:102771. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2026.102771. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Identified in the 1990s as the primary target of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) remains a central focus in hematology and immunology. Anti-β2GPI antibodies are important not only for diagnosing APS but also play a key role … Read more
Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Apr 6:S1933-0219(26)00038-3. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.04.001. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The specific contributions of lung epithelial and immune cells to SARS-CoV-2-induced immunopathology and antiviral responses remain unclear. To address this, we generated mouse models with inducible expression of human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) in specific lung cell types. Infection of mice expressing hACE2 … Read more
