![\"Biological](\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/cms\/asset\/597ec838-edb1-4131-9011-aa00eec1a3b9\/eji6012-gra-0001-m.png\")
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CD8+<\/sup> T cells isolated from male donors exhibit greater IL-15\u2013driven bystander activation, NKG2D expression, and cytotoxicity than female CD8+<\/sup> cells. This study reveals a sex-based difference in innate-like T cell function that may contribute to worse viral disease outcomes in males.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n The recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted a significant sex bias in disease outcome, where male sex is associated with greater disease severity and mortality. Interestingly, studies have also identified a role for antigen-independent \u201cbystander-activated\u201d CD8+<\/sup> T cells in the severity of COVID-19 and other viral infections. However, whether biological sex contributes to the magnitude of bystander T cell activation has not been investigated. To assess sex differences in bystander CD8+<\/sup> T cell activation, we isolated PBMCs from age-matched male and female donors and stimulated the cells with cytokines IL-12\/15\/18 to induce bystander T cell activation. Male CD8+<\/sup> T cells stimulated with IL-15 exhibited greater bystander activation, including increased NKG2D expression and greater antigen-independent cytotoxicity against tumor cells compared with female CD8+<\/sup> T cells. In contrast, IL-12\/18 and IL-12\/15\/18 stimulation of CD8+<\/sup> T cells did not reveal evidence of sex differences in bystander IFN-\u03b3 production. Our data suggest that underlying sex differences in bystander CD8+<\/sup> T cell activation and cytotoxicity may contribute to the observed sex biases in disease severity of viral infections.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" CD8+ T cells isolated from male donors exhibit greater IL-15\u2013driven bystander activation, NKG2D expression, and cytotoxicity than female CD8+ cells. This study reveals a sex-based difference in innate-like T cell function that may contribute to worse viral disease outcomes in males. ABSTRACT The recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted a significant sex bias in disease outcome, … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[112,42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36128","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-european-journal-of-immunology","category-publicaciones"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36128","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36128"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36128\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36128"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36128"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36128"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}ABSTRACT<\/h2>\n