{"id":51589,"date":"2025-12-20T09:59:55","date_gmt":"2025-12-20T08:59:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/2025\/12\/20\/staphylococcal-enterotoxin-a-shapes-monocyte-transcription-and-macrophage-polarization-implications-for-immune-responses-in-infection-and-inflammation-valueclaudia-arasa-khaleda-rahman-q\/"},"modified":"2025-12-20T09:59:55","modified_gmt":"2025-12-20T08:59:55","slug":"staphylococcal-enterotoxin-a-shapes-monocyte-transcription-and-macrophage-polarization-implications-for-immune-responses-in-infection-and-inflammation-valueclaudia-arasa-khaleda-rahman-q","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/2025\/12\/20\/staphylococcal-enterotoxin-a-shapes-monocyte-transcription-and-macrophage-polarization-implications-for-immune-responses-in-infection-and-inflammation-valueclaudia-arasa-khaleda-rahman-q\/","title":{"rendered":"Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A Shapes Monocyte Transcription and Macrophage Polarization: Implications for Immune Responses in Infection and Inflammation. [[{“value”:”Claudia Arasa, \nKhaleda Rahman Qazi, \nDavid Brodin, \nManuel Mata Forsberg, \nEva Sverremark\u2010Ekstr\u00f6m”}]]"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Staphylococcal<\/p>\n

Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) alters monocyte differentiation and function, while preserving T cell stimulatory capacity. SEA-primed macrophages downregulate antigen-presenting markers yet drive heightened T-cell proliferation and IFN-\u03b3 secretion. These findings reveal mechanisms of SEA-mediated immune modulation and superantigen-driven inflammation.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

ABSTRACT<\/h2>\n

Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) crosslink the MHC-II on antigen-presenting cells (APC) with the T-cell receptor, inducing a polyclonal T-cell response. Although APCs are the initial targets of SE and are critical in shaping subsequent T-cell activation, the effects of SE on APC function remain poorly understood. This study investigates the immunomodulatory effects of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) on monocytes and their differentiation into monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC) or macrophages (MDM). Transcriptomic analyses of human monocytes via RNA sequencing revealed SEA-induced enrichment of gene pathways associated with inflammation, infection, and dermatitis, effects that were amplified in the presence of T cells. Phenotypic and functional characterization showed that SEA-primed monocytes differentiated into MDM with an altered polarization, deviating from classical M1\/M2 pathways. SEA-primed MDM exhibited downregulation of key markers, including HLA-DR, CD80, CD86, and PD-L1. Functional assays demonstrated that SEA-primed MDM pushed hyperinflammatory T-cell responses, with significantly enhanced proliferation and IFN-\u03b3 secretion. In contrast, following SEA-priming, moDC retained robust antigen-presenting capabilities and displayed enhanced expression of molecules involved in T-cell interactions. These findings provide mechanistic insights into SEA-mediated immune modulation, illustrating how SEA reprograms MDM functions and amplifies proinflammatory T-cell responses. This advances our understanding of superantigen-driven immune interactions, offering a foundation for developing therapeutic strategies to mitigate superantigen-mediated immune conditions.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) alters monocyte differentiation and function, while preserving T cell stimulatory capacity. SEA-primed macrophages downregulate antigen-presenting markers yet drive heightened T-cell proliferation and IFN-\u03b3 secretion. These findings reveal mechanisms of SEA-mediated immune modulation and superantigen-driven inflammation. ABSTRACT Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) crosslink the MHC-II on antigen-presenting cells (APC) with the T-cell receptor, inducing … Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[112,42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-51589","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-european-journal-of-immunology","category-publicaciones"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51589","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=51589"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51589\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=51589"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=51589"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=51589"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}