{"id":52573,"date":"2026-01-10T12:42:35","date_gmt":"2026-01-10T11:42:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/2026\/01\/10\/biodegradable-microparticles-promote-anti-inflammatory-innate-immune-memory-though-a-size-and-mtor-dependent-processroisin-i-lynch-on-10-de-january-de-2026-at-1100\/"},"modified":"2026-01-10T12:42:35","modified_gmt":"2026-01-10T11:42:35","slug":"biodegradable-microparticles-promote-anti-inflammatory-innate-immune-memory-though-a-size-and-mtor-dependent-processroisin-i-lynch-on-10-de-january-de-2026-at-1100","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/2026\/01\/10\/biodegradable-microparticles-promote-anti-inflammatory-innate-immune-memory-though-a-size-and-mtor-dependent-processroisin-i-lynch-on-10-de-january-de-2026-at-1100\/","title":{"rendered":"Biodegradable microparticles promote anti-inflammatory innate immune memory though a size- and mTOR dependent process\u200bRoisin I Lynch   on 10 de January de 2026 at 11:00"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p><b>J Leukoc Biol<\/b>. 2026 Jan 10:qiag005. doi: 10.1093\/jleuko\/qiag005. Online ahead of print.<\/p>\n<p><b>ABSTRACT<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Emerging evidence demonstrates that innate immune cells can maintain a non-specific memory, not only in response to microbe-associated ligands such as \u03b2-glucan, but also synthetic biomaterials and nano- and microparticles. This creates an opportunity to leverage biomaterials which can establish favourable innate immune responses and memory for therapeutic applications. In this study, we identify particle size as a critical physical determinant influencing both acute macrophage activation and long-term innate immune memory. Specifically, biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) particles in the 1-2 \u00b5m size range promoted an anti-inflammatory phenotype and enhanced oxidative phosphorylation in bone marrow-derived macrophages, through a process dependent on mTOR signalling. In contrast to the well documented pro-inflammatory innate immune training seen with microbial stimuli such as \u03b2-glucans, exposure of macrophages to 1-2um poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) particles promoted a durable anti-inflammatory reprogramming, marked by elevated IL-10 and IL-1 receptor antagonist secretion upon secondary stimulation, and metabolic re-wiring. Moreover, bone marrow from mice injected with PLGA particles in this size range, were reprogrammed to upregulate IL-1Ra and IL-10 secretion upon a re-stimulation, which persisted up to one week post-injection. These findings uncover how the physicochemical properties of polymeric nanoparticles differentially modulate innate immune cells and regulate the induction of innate training.<\/p>\n<p>PMID:<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/41517984\/?utm_source=SimplePie&amp;utm_medium=rss&amp;utm_content=8405628&amp;ff=20260110064235&amp;v=2.18.0.post22+67771e2\">41517984<\/a> | DOI:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jleuko\/qiag005\">10.1093\/jleuko\/qiag005<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>J Leukoc Biol. 2026 Jan 10:qiag005. doi: 10.1093\/jleuko\/qiag005. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Emerging evidence demonstrates that innate immune cells can maintain a non-specific memory, not only in response to microbe-associated ligands such as \u03b2-glucan, but also synthetic biomaterials and nano- and microparticles. This creates an opportunity to leverage biomaterials which can establish favourable innate &#8230; <a title=\"Biodegradable microparticles promote anti-inflammatory innate immune memory though a size- and mTOR dependent process\u200bRoisin I Lynch   on 10 de January de 2026 at 11:00\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/2026\/01\/10\/biodegradable-microparticles-promote-anti-inflammatory-innate-immune-memory-though-a-size-and-mtor-dependent-processroisin-i-lynch-on-10-de-january-de-2026-at-1100\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Biodegradable microparticles promote anti-inflammatory innate immune memory though a size- and mTOR dependent process\u200bRoisin I Lynch   on 10 de January de 2026 at 11:00\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[86,42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52573","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-journal-of-leukocyte-biology","category-publicaciones"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52573","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=52573"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52573\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52573"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=52573"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=52573"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}