{"id":68616,"date":"2026-06-28T07:11:14","date_gmt":"2026-06-28T05:11:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/2026\/06\/28\/postbiotic-lactobacillus-sakei-cvl-001-promotes-mucosal-tolerance-via-nod2-dependent-programming-of-tolerogenic-cd11c-antigen-presenting-cells-dong-yeon-kim\/"},"modified":"2026-06-28T07:11:14","modified_gmt":"2026-06-28T05:11:14","slug":"postbiotic-lactobacillus-sakei-cvl-001-promotes-mucosal-tolerance-via-nod2-dependent-programming-of-tolerogenic-cd11c-antigen-presenting-cells-dong-yeon-kim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/2026\/06\/28\/postbiotic-lactobacillus-sakei-cvl-001-promotes-mucosal-tolerance-via-nod2-dependent-programming-of-tolerogenic-cd11c-antigen-presenting-cells-dong-yeon-kim\/","title":{"rendered":"Postbiotic Lactobacillus sakei CVL-001 promotes mucosal tolerance via NOD2-dependent programming of tolerogenic CD11c+ antigen-presenting cells. Dong-Yeon Kim"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p><b>Mucosal Immunol<\/b>. 2026 Jun 27:100371. doi: 10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100371. Online ahead of print.<\/p>\n<p><b>ABSTRACT<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Postbiotics offer improved safety and stability over live probiotics for modulating intestinal immunity, yet the receptor-mediated mechanisms underlying mucosal tolerance remain unclear. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2), a cytosolic sensor of bacterial cell wall components and a major genetic risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), may link microbial signals to regulatory immune programs. Here, we show that heat-killed Lactobacillus sakei CVL-001 (HK CVL-001) promotes intestinal homeostasis through NOD2 signaling. HK CVL-001, but not its culture supernatant, significantly alleviated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, whereas this protection was completely lost in NOD2<sup>-\/-<\/sup> mice. Treatment suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1\u03b2), increased IL-10, and expanded Foxp3<sup>+<\/sup> regulatory T cells (Tregs) and CD103<sup>+<\/sup> tolerogenic antigen-presenting cell (APC) populations. In vitro, HK CVL-001 directly induced CD103 expression in BMDCs in a NOD2-dependent manner, enhancing their capacity to drive Treg differentiation. This effect was accompanied by upregulation of Irf8 and Irf4, along with expansion of both CD11b<sup>&#8211;<\/sup> and CD11b<sup>+<\/sup> CD103<sup>+<\/sup> APC populations. A functional role for NOD2 signaling within CD11c<sup>+<\/sup> APCs was confirmed using CD11c-Cre \u00d7 NOD2<sup>fl\/fl<\/sup> mice and adoptive transfer experiments. These findings support a NOD2-dependent CD11c<sup>+<\/sup> APC-Treg regulatory axis underlying postbiotic-induced mucosal tolerance.<\/p>\n<p>PMID:<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/42364811\/?utm_source=SimplePie&amp;utm_medium=rss&amp;utm_content=101299742&amp;ff=20260628011113&amp;v=2.20.0\">42364811<\/a> | DOI:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100371\">10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100371<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Jun 27:100371. doi: 10.1016\/j.mucimm.2026.100371. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Postbiotics offer improved safety and stability over live probiotics for modulating intestinal immunity, yet the receptor-mediated mechanisms underlying mucosal tolerance remain unclear. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2), a cytosolic sensor of bacterial cell wall components and a major genetic risk factor for inflammatory &#8230; <a title=\"Postbiotic Lactobacillus sakei CVL-001 promotes mucosal tolerance via NOD2-dependent programming of tolerogenic CD11c+ antigen-presenting cells. Dong-Yeon Kim\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/2026\/06\/28\/postbiotic-lactobacillus-sakei-cvl-001-promotes-mucosal-tolerance-via-nod2-dependent-programming-of-tolerogenic-cd11c-antigen-presenting-cells-dong-yeon-kim\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Postbiotic Lactobacillus sakei CVL-001 promotes mucosal tolerance via NOD2-dependent programming of tolerogenic CD11c+ antigen-presenting cells. Dong-Yeon Kim\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[57,42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-68616","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mucosal-immunology","category-publicaciones"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68616","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=68616"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/68616\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=68616"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=68616"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=68616"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}