{"id":69758,"date":"2026-07-12T07:06:55","date_gmt":"2026-07-12T05:06:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/2026\/07\/12\/long-term-survivors-of-melanoma-after-anti-pd-1-therapy-demonstrate-on-treatment-increase-in-abundance-of-4-1bb-cd4-t-cells-in-blood\/"},"modified":"2026-07-12T07:06:55","modified_gmt":"2026-07-12T05:06:55","slug":"long-term-survivors-of-melanoma-after-anti-pd-1-therapy-demonstrate-on-treatment-increase-in-abundance-of-4-1bb-cd4-t-cells-in-blood","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/2026\/07\/12\/long-term-survivors-of-melanoma-after-anti-pd-1-therapy-demonstrate-on-treatment-increase-in-abundance-of-4-1bb-cd4-t-cells-in-blood\/","title":{"rendered":"Long-term survivors of melanoma after anti-PD-1 therapy demonstrate on-treatment increase in abundance of 4-1BB+ CD4 T cells in blood"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p><b>J Immunol<\/b>. 2026 Jul 10;215(7):vkag171. doi: 10.1093\/jimmun\/vkag171.<\/p>\n<p><b>ABSTRACT<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Anti-PD-1 monotherapy has shown a significant survival benefit for patients with advanced-stage melanoma. In this study, we explored whether long-term clinical benefit is determined by abundance or changes in such abundances of CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets in blood. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 58 patients with advanced-stage melanoma treated with anti-PD-1 monotherapy were collected prior to first, second, and third administration. Overall survival (OS) was categorized into 3 groups: &lt;1 yr (short term); 1-3 yr; and &gt;3 yr (long term). The abundance of different T-cell subsets was determined via multiplex flow cytometry and transcriptomics analysis. Long- and short-term survivors demonstrated no differences in frequencies of CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets at baseline. However, on-treatment, long-term survivors showed an early increase in the frequency of CD4 T cells expressing 4-1BB, whereas this subset frequency was decreased in short-term survivors. Notably, this early increase in the 4-1BB+ CD4 T-cell frequency was associated with an increase in the frequency of LAG3+TIM3+ CD4 T cells and followed by a later decrease in the frequency of FOXP3+ CD4 T cells. Notably, 4-1BB+ CD4 T cells of long-term survivors demonstrated a distinctively high expression of IL-17. In short, long-term survivors have unique on-treatment changes in the frequency of different CD4 T-cell subsets, particularly those related to co-signaling and regulatory T cells. These results show that CD4 T cell-mediated stimulation and differentiation are associated with long-term benefit of anti-PD-1 treatment, which may guide development of future treatment strategies.<\/p>\n<p>PMID:<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/42435355\/?utm_source=SimplePie&amp;utm_medium=rss&amp;utm_content=2985117R&amp;ff=20260712010655&amp;v=2.20.0\">42435355<\/a> | DOI:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jimmun\/vkag171\">10.1093\/jimmun\/vkag171<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>J Immunol. 2026 Jul 10;215(7):vkag171. doi: 10.1093\/jimmun\/vkag171. ABSTRACT Anti-PD-1 monotherapy has shown a significant survival benefit for patients with advanced-stage melanoma. In this study, we explored whether long-term clinical benefit is determined by abundance or changes in such abundances of CD4 and CD8 T-cell subsets in blood. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 58 patients with &#8230; <a title=\"Long-term survivors of melanoma after anti-PD-1 therapy demonstrate on-treatment increase in abundance of 4-1BB+ CD4 T cells in blood\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/2026\/07\/12\/long-term-survivors-of-melanoma-after-anti-pd-1-therapy-demonstrate-on-treatment-increase-in-abundance-of-4-1bb-cd4-t-cells-in-blood\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Long-term survivors of melanoma after anti-PD-1 therapy demonstrate on-treatment increase in abundance of 4-1BB+ CD4 T cells in blood\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[42,71],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-69758","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-publicaciones","category-the-journal-of-immunology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69758","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=69758"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/69758\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=69758"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=69758"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=69758"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}