{"id":71668,"date":"2026-07-29T01:30:02","date_gmt":"2026-07-28T23:30:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/2026\/07\/29\/distinct-kinetic-features-of-innate-and-adaptive-responses-in-influenza-a-versus-influenza-b-infected-mice\/"},"modified":"2026-07-29T01:30:02","modified_gmt":"2026-07-28T23:30:02","slug":"distinct-kinetic-features-of-innate-and-adaptive-responses-in-influenza-a-versus-influenza-b-infected-mice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/2026\/07\/29\/distinct-kinetic-features-of-innate-and-adaptive-responses-in-influenza-a-versus-influenza-b-infected-mice\/","title":{"rendered":"Distinct kinetic features of innate and adaptive responses in influenza A versus influenza B-infected mice"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p><b>J Immunol<\/b>. 2026 Jul 10;215(7):vkag196. doi: 10.1093\/jimmun\/vkag196.<\/p>\n<p><b>ABSTRACT<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Influenza B infection is an important source of morbidity and mortality, especially in vulnerable populations such as children. Improved vaccines and antiviral therapeutics are hindered by gaps in knowledge about influenza B viruses (IBVs). We examined the immune responses in the lung, at the kinetic interface between the innate and adaptive response with a focus on the CD4 T-cell response to infection. Using a mouse model of infection with influenza A virus (IAV) A\/California\/04\/2009 and influenza B virus (IBV) B\/Brisbane\/60\/2008, striking differences in early cytokines and chemokines associated with induction of Th1-biased immune responses were identified. Quantifying these mediators on a temporal basis, IBV infection leads to earlier lung expression of the cytokines IFN-\u03b3, IP-10, and MIP1-B in the lung relative to IAV. Given the critical role for IFN-\u03b3 in antiviral responses, the use of direct ex vivo cytokine staining and multiparameter flow cytometry revealed that, at day 6 after infection, when lung lysates contained the highest levels of IFN-\u03b3, significant differences were found in the abundance of IFN-\u03b3-producing Ly6C+ monocytes, CD4 T cells, and CD8 T cells in the IBV-infected lung, but not the IAV-infected lung. Data from a reporter mouse model of T-cell receptor engagement, epitope-specific cytokine enzyme-linked immunospot assays, quantitative lung cytokine abundance, and earlier viral clearance suggest a distinctive mechanism of IBV and IAV responses whereby the kinetics in recruitment of epitope-specific T cells to the IBV-infected lung is driven by early innate responses and leads to more rapid viral clearance.<\/p>\n<p>PMID:<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/42520061\/?utm_source=SimplePie&amp;utm_medium=rss&amp;utm_content=2985117R&amp;ff=20260728193000&amp;v=2.20.0\">42520061<\/a> | DOI:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jimmun\/vkag196\">10.1093\/jimmun\/vkag196<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>J Immunol. 2026 Jul 10;215(7):vkag196. doi: 10.1093\/jimmun\/vkag196. ABSTRACT Influenza B infection is an important source of morbidity and mortality, especially in vulnerable populations such as children. Improved vaccines and antiviral therapeutics are hindered by gaps in knowledge about influenza B viruses (IBVs). We examined the immune responses in the lung, at the kinetic interface between &#8230; <a title=\"Distinct kinetic features of innate and adaptive responses in influenza A versus influenza B-infected mice\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/2026\/07\/29\/distinct-kinetic-features-of-innate-and-adaptive-responses-in-influenza-a-versus-influenza-b-infected-mice\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Distinct kinetic features of innate and adaptive responses in influenza A versus influenza B-infected mice\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[42,71],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-71668","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-publicaciones","category-the-journal-of-immunology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71668","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=71668"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/71668\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=71668"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=71668"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=71668"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}