{"id":75022,"date":"2026-09-02T11:52:12","date_gmt":"2026-09-02T09:52:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/2026\/09\/02\/differential-responses-of-liver-versus-lymphoid-tissue-dc-to-small-extracellular-vesicles-generated-by-hepatic-ischemia-reperfusion-injury\/"},"modified":"2026-09-02T11:52:12","modified_gmt":"2026-09-02T09:52:12","slug":"differential-responses-of-liver-versus-lymphoid-tissue-dc-to-small-extracellular-vesicles-generated-by-hepatic-ischemia-reperfusion-injury","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/2026\/09\/02\/differential-responses-of-liver-versus-lymphoid-tissue-dc-to-small-extracellular-vesicles-generated-by-hepatic-ischemia-reperfusion-injury\/","title":{"rendered":"Differential responses of liver versus lymphoid tissue DC to small extracellular vesicles generated by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p><b>J Immunol<\/b>. 2026 Aug 29;215(9):vkag224. doi: 10.1093\/jimmun\/vkag224.<\/p>\n<p><b>ABSTRACT<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I\/R) injury triggers release of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) that can function as systemic conveyors of inflammatory signals. While sEV-mediated immune cell modulation has been studied extensively in vitro, knowledge is based largely on sEVs derived from cultured cells, rather than injured tissues. Consequently, the immunological impact of liver I\/R-sEVs is poorly understood. Here, we combined in vitro and in vivo approaches with sEVs purified from mouse livers subjected to I\/R to define their influence on dendritic cells (DCs). In vitro, in contrast to sham-sEVs, I\/R-sEVs activated syngeneic bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs), inducing upregulation of costimulatory molecules and enhancing their capacity to stimulate naive allogeneic T-cells. In contrast, liver DCs (LDCs) were refractory to liver I\/R-sEV-mediated activation. This differential responsiveness may in part reflect greater I\/R-sEV internalization by BMDCs. To assess in vivo relevance, labeled sham or I\/R-sEVs were administered intravenously. Following systemic delivery, syngeneic I\/R-sEVs, but not sham-sEVs, accumulated in liver and spleen of otherwise naive mice exhibiting different patterns of uptake by immune cell populations. In the spleen, macrophages and B-cells were the principal I\/R-sEV-acquiring populations, whereas in the liver, sEV uptake was dominated by macrophages and neutrophils. Additionally, while splenic DCs showed increased expression of activation markers and T-cell stimulatory activity following exposure to I\/R-sEVs, LDCs were unresponsive. These findings identify liver-I\/R-sEVs as promotors of extra-hepatic DC maturation\/activation, whereas liver-resident DCs were refractory to I\/R-sEV stimulation. The findings have implications for regulation of inflammatory responses following liver I\/R injury.<\/p>\n<p>PMID:<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/42681966\/?utm_source=SimplePie&amp;utm_medium=rss&amp;utm_content=2985117R&amp;ff=20260902055211&amp;v=2.20.1\">42681966<\/a> | DOI:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jimmun\/vkag224\">10.1093\/jimmun\/vkag224<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>J Immunol. 2026 Aug 29;215(9):vkag224. doi: 10.1093\/jimmun\/vkag224. ABSTRACT Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I\/R) injury triggers release of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) that can function as systemic conveyors of inflammatory signals. While sEV-mediated immune cell modulation has been studied extensively in vitro, knowledge is based largely on sEVs derived from cultured cells, rather than injured tissues. Consequently, the &#8230; <a title=\"Differential responses of liver versus lymphoid tissue DC to small extracellular vesicles generated by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/2026\/09\/02\/differential-responses-of-liver-versus-lymphoid-tissue-dc-to-small-extracellular-vesicles-generated-by-hepatic-ischemia-reperfusion-injury\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Differential responses of liver versus lymphoid tissue DC to small extracellular vesicles generated by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[42,71],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-75022","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-publicaciones","category-the-journal-of-immunology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75022","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=75022"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/75022\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=75022"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=75022"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inmuno.es\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=75022"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}