Curr Opin Immunol. 2026 Jul 20;102:102818. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2026.102818. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The development of clinical trials is limited by high costs and methodological complexities. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a key instrument for their optimization. In the early phases of study design and recruiting, generative AI systems may help … Read more
Purpose
IMC-C103C is an ImmTAC bispecific (MAGE-A4xCD3) T cell engager targeting a peptide from the cancer-testis antigen MAGE-A4 presented by HLA-A*02:01. This phase 1/2 study in advanced solid tumors (IMC-C103C-101; NCT03973333) investigated the saf…
Background
Programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) blockade produces high response rates in resectable and locally advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), but how many doses are needed and whether surgery or radiation after immunotherapy (consol…
by Ullern, A., Garborg, K. K., Chauhan, S. K., Holm, K., Bang, C., Dunn, C., Johnsen, P. H., Hov, J. E. R., Kyte, J. A.
Background
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has shown promise in overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in early-phase cancer trials. We investigated the safety, feasibility and efficacy of FMT from ICI responders to patien…
BackgroundThe UNC13D gene encodes Munc13-4, a critical regulator of cytotoxic granule exocytosis in lymphocytes and the protein responsible for familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL). As an essential mediator of perforin release from cytotox…
ObjectivePrimary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease with no specific etiological treatment. Polygonatum odoratum, a traditional yin-nourishing herb, is used in treating pSS, but its molecular mechanism remains unclear. Th…
IntroductionEpitope-specific T cells provide significant long-lived protection afforded by adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 spike. CD4+ T-cell epitope peptides that are generated by non-ATP-dependent antigen-processing proteases bind with modest specifi…
Secondary lymphedema (LE) can ensue after disruption of lymphatic vasculature, which may be caused by infection, surgery, or cancer treatment. Omics technologies can move the field beyond an anatomic description of lymphatic stasis by defining inflamma…
BackgroundPost-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) or Long-COVID affects millions and remains mechanistically undefined due to its heterogeneous clinical presentation. Identifying robust biological signatures is essential for understanding disease mech…
Asthma exhibits pronounced sex differences across the human lifespan, shifting from a predominance in males during childhood toward an increased prevalence, severity, and heterogeneity in females following puberty. These epidemiological patterns are no…
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as an investigational microbiota-targeted strategy for ulcerative colitis (UC), aiming to restore dysbiotic gut ecosystems and microbiota–host homeostasis. Mechanistic studies suggest that FMT may resh…
The coexistence of stiff person syndrome (SPS) and myasthenia gravis (MG) is exceptionally rare, with fewer than 20 cases reported to date. Thymoma has been identified in a substantial proportion of these patients, suggesting a potential shared autoimm…
IntroductionHuman respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) has a high disease burden in infants and elderly individuals. In this study, the adjuvants AlOH, AlOH+CpG and BFA03 were used to compare the protective effect of HRSV prefusion protein (Pre-F) in BAL…
IntroductionSjögren’s Disease (SjD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by salivary gland hypofunction and lymphocytic infiltration, yet the contribution of fibrosis to glandular dysfunction remains unclear.MethodsWe evaluated the NOD/ShiLtJ mouse …
BackgroundTuberculous meningoencephalitis and autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy display similar clinical features, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) profiles, and neuroimaging patterns, which contribute to a high rate of misdiagn…
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by persistent immune activation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and progressive structural remodeling. The airway epithelium functions as the primary sensor of inhaled allergens and actively or…
We present a 69-year-old female patient who initially manifested with depression and anhedonia, initially misdiagnosed as primary psychiatric illness. She subsequently developed progressive gait instability and cognitive decline. After comprehensive cl…
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic erosive synovitis, progressive bone destruction, and marked inter-patient heterogeneity in disease course and treatment response. This review critically examines the me…
BackgroundMitochondrial dysfunction is linked to urolithiasis, but causal genetic drivers remain unclear. We integrated multi-omics data using Mendelian randomization to identify mitochondrial-related genes causally associated with urolithiasis.Methods…
ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the link between serological markers and endoscopic mucosal healing and inflammation in diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients.MethodsClinical data from 200 IBD patients (91 with ulcerative colitis […
BackgroundRecent studies have shown that while chemotherapy kills tumor cells, it may also induce adaptive changes in cells within the tumor microenvironment, particularly cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which could paradoxically promote tumor pr…
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the predominant subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), characterized by a complex tumor microenvironment (TME) where tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) exert dual functions—a concept now well-established in broade…
IntroductionCirrhosis is the end-stage of chronic liver disease characterized by progressive hepatic fibrosis and persistent immune dysregulation, yet the mechanisms by which immune cell crosstalk drives disease progression remain poorly understood.Met…
BackgroundGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary malignant tumor of the adult central nervous system, with nearly 90% of cases recurring within two years despite standard surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Tumor-associated m…
The fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO), an RNA demethylase acting on both internal m6;A and cap-proximal m6;Am, functions in cancer as a context-dependent epitranscriptomic regulator whose net effect cannot be reduced to an oncogene–tumor-su…
BackgroundInactivated Pasteurella multocida (Pm) vaccines are safe and practical for veterinary use, but their protection is often limited by weak cellular immune activation and insufficient durability of antibody responses. This study investigated whe…
Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Jul 18:100385. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.100385. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Mucus obstructs the airways in respiratory diseases where MUC5B is the major gel-forming mucin in COPD and MUC5AC-rich mucus dominates in asthma. Mucin production changes in response to inflammatory signals, but whether mucin dysregulation drives inflammation is less studied. OBJECTIVE: We sought … Read more
Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Jul 17:100387. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.100387. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive lung disease characterized by the rapid scarring of the lung parenchyma resulting in impaired gas exchange and early mortality. Current treatment options are limited; lung transplantation remains the only definitive treatment. The adaptive immune system has been … Read more
J Immunol. 2026 Jul 10;215(7):vkag142. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag142. ABSTRACT Radiation is an effective site-specific cytotoxic therapy for cancer cells. In preclinical models, CD8 T cells are essential for optimum tumor control by radiation therapy, yet CD8 T cells are radiosensitive and depleted within the treatment field. Irradiated tumors can be refilled with T cells that were … Read more
J Immunol. 2026 Jul 10;215(7):vkag153. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag153. ABSTRACT The mammalian ovary is the dynamic end-organ of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. In this coordinated system, ovarian cells undergo continuous cycles of apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation. These changes parallel fluctuations in ovarian hormones such as estradiol; however, the ovarian immune microenvironment during high- and low-estradiol states remains incompletely … Read more
J Immunol. 2026 Jul 10;215(7):vkag181. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag181. ABSTRACT Periodic activation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) is necessary to restrict autoreactive T cells and maintain immune homeostasis. IL-2-STAT5 signaling instructs several metabolic processes underlying Treg activation, including the mevalonate pathway, which is crucial for optimal Treg responses. However, direct links between IL-2-STAT5, mevalonate, and Treg function … Read more
J Immunol. 2026 Jul 10;215(7):vkag031. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag031. ABSTRACT Somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes in germinal center B cells is based on the introduction of DNA lesions by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), followed by lesion processing by multiple error-prone DNA repair pathways. Error-free DNA repair by homologous recombination (HR) is required for the repair of … Read more
J Immunol. 2026 Jul 10;215(7):vkag184. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag184. ABSTRACT Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant clonal expansion of myeloid progenitor cells that impedes normal hematopoiesis and culminates in bone marrow failure and death. The development of chemoresistant disease in response to first-line chemotherapies is common and indicates a need for new therapies. Tumor-specific mRNA vaccines … Read more
J Immunol. 2026 Jul 10;215(7):vkag185. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag185. ABSTRACT Thymic B cells rely on T cells and type-III IFN (IFN-λ) signaling for class switch recombination and effective licensing as APCs, a process essential for their role in establishing central T-cell tolerance. IFN-λ is produced exclusively by a subset of medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs); however, the … Read more
J Immunol. 2026 Jul 10;215(7):vkag193. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag193. ABSTRACT Polymyxins are cyclic cationic lipopeptide antibiotics that disrupt both the outer and inner membranes of Gram-negative bacteria. They also bind to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), thereby inhibiting LPS recognition by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and preventing macrophage activation. However, the immunomodulatory effects of polymyxin B during infection, in … Read more
by Liu, W., Zhu, C., Cui, Z., Shi, J., Zhang, B., Xiong, A., Wang, L., Gao, Q., Ding, G., Liu, X.
Background and aims
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are associated with heterogeneous outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but whether their anatomical context determines clinical impact remains unknown. We hypothesized that spatial compartm…
RAS mutations are among the most prevalent oncogenic drivers in solid tumors and are consistently associated with suboptimal responses to radiation therapy (RT). Within this family, KRAS is the dominant isoform and a central regulator of tumor stress …
J Clin Immunol. 2026 Jul 18. doi: 10.1007/s10875-026-02049-3. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: Hepatic actinomycosis is a rare granulomatous disease caused by an opportunistic Gram-positive bacillus of the genus Actinomyces. We report an unusual association between hepatic actinomycosis and IgG-4 related disease. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 70-year-old man was admitted to the University Hospital of … Read more
Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 17 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01334-xThe lineage distinction between inflammatory, defence-oriented, monocyte-derived macrophages and resident macrophages dedicated to tissue maintena…
Cellular & Molecular Immunology, Published online: 17 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41423-026-01451-6The Parkinson’s disease-linked G2019S mutation of LRRK2 increases NADPH oxidase-2 activity in neutrophils for superior control of bacter…
Cellular & Molecular Immunology, Published online: 17 July 2026; doi:10.1038/s41423-026-01449-0Author Correction: DNA sensing and associated type 1 interferon signaling contributes to progression of radiation-induced liver injury
Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Jul 16:100386. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.100386. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT After respiratory infection, the lung does not simply return to the prior baseline but adopts a new distinct post-infection steady state involving durable imprints that can shape tissue responses to subsequent challenges. This review introduces the concept of lung tissue memory, whereby prior … Read more
Parasite-derived molecules have emerged as a promising source of natural bioactive compounds with immunomodulatory and antitumor properties, attracting increasing attention in cancer research. Derived from both protozoan and helminth parasites, these m…
IntroductionMaternal immune adaptation during pregnancy is orchestrated by dynamic signals from the uterine microenvironment, including placental extracellular vesicles (pEVs) released into maternal circulation. EVs have emerged as key mediators of thi…
Oral inflammatory diseases such as oral lichen planus are characterized by dysregulated chemokine production and persistent interferon-associated signaling, with JAK/STAT pathways playing a central role in epithelial-immune crosstalk. Here, we investig…
The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), composed of tumor cells, immune/stromal cells, cytokines, and other components, plays a central role in determining tumor immunogenicity and response to therapy. The balance between effector T/NK cells and immu…
Parasite-derived molecules have emerged as a promising source of natural bioactive compounds with immunomodulatory and antitumor properties, attracting increasing attention in cancer research. Derived from both protozoan and helminth parasites, these m…
