A collaborative study published in Immunity from the Batista Lab and Liu Lab at the Ragon Institute, together with the Schief Lab at Scripps Research Institute, has uncovered a previously unrecognized mechanism that shapes how immune cells are selected…
Secondary infections caused by bacteria or viruses during hospital care remain a long-standing global challenge, despite advances in modern medicine. In particular, mixed bacterial-viral infections in critically ill or immunocompromised patients are ex…
In 2024, Professor Sebastian Kobold’s research group at LMU University Hospital had already shown that the metabolite prostaglandin E2 can block T cells—the killer cells of the immune system—in the vicinity of a tumor, such that they do not attack canc…
A powerful artificial intelligence (AI) tool could give clinicians a head start in identifying life-threatening complications after stem cell and bone marrow transplants, according to new research from MUSC Hollings Cancer Center. For many patients, a …
A parasite that may already be hiding in your brain has a shocking survival trick: it can infect the very immune cells sent to destroy it. Yet most people never get sick, and new research from UVA Health reveals why. Scientists discovered that when Tox…
Northwestern Medicine scientists have identified the cellular mechanisms that cause immune cells to differentiate and ultimately lose function during viral infection, findings that could improve treatments to control chronic infections, according to a …
A study analyzes the relationship between pollen and meteorological data spanning 23 years, verifying how the wind impacts each phase of the pollen season differently, thereby helping to manage and prevent allergy seasons. A multidisciplinary study con…
Immune Checkpoint Blockade (ICB) has revolutionized the treatment of cancers like melanoma, but up to 60% of patients don’t respond to this immunotherapy for reasons not yet fully understood. Australian scientists have found a way to improve the effect…
Cancer researchers working on immunotherapies have made a big discovery: SLAMF6, a molecule on the surface of immune cells that prevents T cells from effectively attacking tumors—and, in mice, they’ve found a way to neutralize it.
The gut microbiome may play an important role in how the immune system responds to gluten, even in people who do not have celiac disease. The findings, which could help explain why some people feel sick after eating gluten, were published in the Americ…
Scientists at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine discovered a surprising new way the body can fight insulin resistance and diabetes—by boosting a special type of “good” immune cell in fat tissue.
by Qi, X., Yang, M., Liu, X., Ma, L., Kaifi, J. T., Ericsson, A. C., Kimchi, E. T., Staveley-OCarroll, K. F., Li, G.
Background
The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a critical external regulator along the gut-liver axis, influencing hepatocarcinogenesis and modulating responses to immunotherapy. However, the specific microbial determinants, underlying me…
Background
Cytokine-release syndrome (CRS) is a common toxicity of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. CRS is often treated with corticosteroids such as dexamethasone. Dexamethasone is also used to treat multiple myeloma. To model CRS after CAR T…
IntroductionNew biomarkers are needed for better stratification and personalized treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Phosphoinositide 3-kinase δ (PI3Kδ) has been implicated in SLE pathogenesis. Here, we investigated whether a subset of SLE…
BackgroundABO-incompatible living donor kidney transplantation (ABOi-LDKT) offers a potential solution to organ shortages, but its safety and economic impact in China remain uncertain. This study evaluated short- to mid-term outcomes of ABOi-LDKT in a …
For decades, sex disparities have been acknowledged to influence immune regulation in health and disease throughout the life span, and contribute to variations in epidemiology, pathophysiology, manifestation, progression, and therapeutic response in mu…
BackgroundGlioblastoma (GBM), the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, poses a formidable therapeutic challenge, due to its intrinsic radio- and chemoresistance and its ability to create a hostile, immunosuppressive tumor microenvi…
BackgroundChimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy is an effective treatment for treatment-refractory hematological disorders with an acceptable safety profile. In contrast, preliminary reports suggest good efficacy for treatment-refractory aut…
A 45-year-old woman presented with a black hemispherical plaque on her right lower leg that had developed three years ago without an obvious cause. The lesion gradually enlarged without pain or pruritus. After excision, histopathological examination re…
IntroductionNeutrophils are among the earliest immune cells to infiltrate the ischemic brain and contribute to secondary neuronal damage. The alarmin S100 calcium-binding protein A8/A9 (S100A8/A9), predominantly released by neutrophils, is upregulated …
BackgroundAlcoholic liver disease (ALD) remains a leading cause of global mortality, yet the development of safe and effective multi-target therapies continues to be a significant challenge. Macrophage-mediated inflammation plays a pivotal role in the …
BackgroundThe kappa free light chain (κ-FLC) index is a sensitive marker of intrathecal immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis and is increasingly used in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis of patients with suspected multiple sclerosis (MS). The relative contri…
BackgroundAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a global health burden. Ferroptosis drives cardiomyocyte death, but specific ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) and pathways underlying ischemic injury remain unclear.MethodsFirst, differentially expressed m…
BackgroundIncidence of delayed graft function (DGF) increases due to the decline in donor kidney quality and the increased use of marginal allografts, while the promising biomarkers for early DGF prediction are lacking. Previous analyses showed that Te…
IntroductionPainful Diabetic Neuropathy (PDN) is a severe complication of diabetes, featured by intricate aetiology and multiple side effects of current therapeutic approaches. In recent years, the glymphatic system has attracted increasing attention f…
BackgroundThe role of long non-coding RNA LINC02657 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is poorly defined. This study aims to characterize its expression, clinical relevance, and oncogenic functions in ccRCC.MethodsWe analyzed LINC02657 expressi…
BackgroundThe identification of plasma biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been a longstanding research priority; however, few plasma biomarkers have yet been implemented in routine clinical practice.MethodsThis study enrolled …
BackgroundCognitive and affective disturbances are frequent extra-thyroidal manifestations of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), even in euthyroid patients, with severe cases progressing to Hashimoto’s encephalopathy. The mechanisms underlying these CNS com…
IntroductionGastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common malignancy worldwide, with metastasis being the primary cause of mortality. Although circular RNAs (circRNAs) are implicated in GC pathogenesis, their specific roles in metastasis remain unclear….
ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the influence of pre-transplant spleen volume on the prognosis of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).MethodsWe evaluated 58 patients…
Patients with unresectable Gastrointestinal cancers (GI) including advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) and gall bladder cancer (GBC) have limited treatment options. Treatment with chemotherapy is associated with limited success resulting from therapeutic …
BackgroundPortal vein main trunk invasion is a serious and difficult complication of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with extremely poor prognosis and limited treatment options. The traditional standard sorafenib has a limited efficacy. The combination…
BackgroundHereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by recurrent, unpredictable swelling attacks primarily driven by bradykinin-mediated vascular permeability. However, additional inflammatory mechanisms may contribute to dis…
BackgroundThe study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of six prognostic scores for predicting the outcomes to first-line chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.Materials and methodsNSCLC patients receiving first-line …
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is strongly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, but EBV alone is insufficient for tumorigenesis. Recent evidence suggests that the nasopharyngeal microbiome plays a critical, yet underexplored, role in NPC…
BackgroundLupus nephritis (LN) is a severe complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), underscoring an urgent need for non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers.ObjectiveThis study aimed to define the metabolomic signature of urinary extracellular ves…
Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 16 February 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01273-7Many clinically relevant pathogens enter the body through mucosal surfaces, yet conventional parenteral immunization is insufficient to elicit…
FoxP3, a lineage-defining transcription factor, defines mammalian Tregs together with antibodies against CD25, GITR, and CTLA-4. No valid chicken anti-FoxP3 or surface CTLA-4 antibodies are available to date. Given current experimental tools, the study proposes CD4+CD25+GITR+ as a practical panel for phenotypic characterization and sorting of viable chicken Tregs. ABSTRACT Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are … Read more
Curr Opin Immunol. 2026 Feb 14;99:102736. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2026.102736. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Multiple sclerosis (MS) is traditionally considered a chronic immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system. However, increasing evidence suggests substantial clinical, radiological, and immunopathological heterogeneity among individuals diagnosed with MS. In recent years, increasing awareness of this heterogeneity has led to a … Read more
Chronic stress, a sustained psychophysiological state, promotes tumor progression primarily by disrupting anti-tumor immunity. Through persistent activation of the HPA axis and sympathetic nervous system, stress hormones such as glucocorticoids and cat…
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment landscape for malignant tumors such as advanced lung cancer, but their efficacy is limited. In recent years, the circadian rhythm has provided a brand-new optimization strategy for i…
Kimura disease is a benign chronic inflammatory condition characterized by painless subcutaneous masses, peripheral blood eosinophilia, and increased serum immunoglobulin E levels. The pathogenesis of KD remains unclear, however, more and more evidence…
PurposeTo compare the efficacy, safety, and hepatic impact of TACE or HAIC plus lenvatinib with or without PD-1 inhibitors in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with high tumor burden (HTB-uHCC).Patients and methodsThis retrospective study (2019–202…
IntroductionInterstitial cystitis (IC) is an aseptic chronic bladder inflammation of unknown etiology and poorly understood pathophysiology with symptoms resembling bacterial cystitis (BC). There is limited data about the contribution of regulatory mic…
BackgroundAnti-TIF1γ-positive dermatomyositis (DM) is a classic paraneoplastic syndrome in adults, but its coexisting with lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) of the parotid gland is exceptionally rare. This rarity poses significant challenges for clinica…
BackgroundIn recent years, researchers have identified numerous potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets applicable to cancer immunotherapy, among which the role of tumor-internal microorganisms in the tumor microenvironment has been explored. Howe…
A patient with myelodysplasia received a haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT). Pre-transplant HLA antibody screening showed no detectable donor-specific antibodies (DSAs). Post-transplant, the patient developed an anti-HLA-A2 antibod…
BackgroundX-linked MAGT1 deficiency with increased susceptibility to EBV-infection and N-linked glycosylation (XMEN) disease is an inborn error of immunity (IEI) affecting the Magnesium Transporter 1 (MAGT1) gene. In this report, we present the diagnos…
Ecotropic viral integration site 1 (EVI1), encoded by the EVI1 gene on chromosome 3q26.2, is a dual-domain zinc finger transcription factor that functions as a potent proto-oncogene in a wide spectrum of hematological malignancies. Under normal physiol…
BackgroundApolipoproteins (APOs) are essentially structural and functional components of lipoproteins, which are composed of 22 members and their effects on certain types of cancer have been studied. However, their roles in endometrial cancer (EC), whi…
BackgroundRecombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (rVSV) vector vaccines have become essential in combating emerging viral diseases and have shown promise in immunotherapy, particularly in the discipline of cancer treatment. Although extensive research …
The core mechanism of acupuncture therapy lies in converting local mechanical stimulation into systemic physiological regulatory effects. Building on this concept, this review highlights the central role of macrophages in this mechanotransduction event…
ObjectiveSpontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a severe complication of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related cirrhosis, in which gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a pivotal role. This study aimed to characterize microbial alterations, establish a microbio…
In type 1 diabetes (T1D), chronic autoimmune responses lead to the destruction of β-cells in pancreatic islets. As more of the β-cell mass is destroyed, the disease progresses, resulting in insulin deficiency. Recent discoveries uncovering the mechanis…
We report a 63-year-old male patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who developed delayed-onset neurotoxicity on day +22 following CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy with axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel), after an initial episode of CRS and …
Pulmonary light chain deposition disease (PLCDD) is a rare disorder characterized by the deposition of immunoglobulin light chains in the lungs, often associated with lymphoplasmacytic proliferative and autoimmune disease such as primary Sjögren diseas…
BackgroundKnee osteoarthritis (KOA) is closely associated with an imbalance in macrophage M1/M2 polarization within its inflammatory microenvironment. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in KOA. Moreover, microRNAs (miRNAs)…
γδ T cells gain increasing attention as carriers for tumor-targeting constructs in therapeutic contexts. However, the failure to fully account for the diversity within the subset has impeded its clinical use so far. We investigated the heterogeneity of…
Epilepsy is increasingly recognized as a disorder not only of neuronal dysfunction but also of immune dysregulation within the central nervous system (CNS). Accumulating evidence points to a critical role for the immune microenvironment in shaping epil…
Inhibitory immune pathways have gained considerable attention following the clinical success of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer. While much focus has been placed on classical checkpoints such as programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed…
Curr Opin Immunol. 2026 Feb 13;99:102734. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2026.102734. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The cation channel and protein kinase transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7 (TRPM7) has been linked to immune homeostasis, immune cell signaling and differentiation, and inflammatory diseases. Its importance in guiding ion-mediated cellular responses, funneling discrete kinase signal transduction … Read more
Curr Opin Immunol. 2026 Feb 13;99:102737. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2026.102737. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Minor salivary gland biopsy occupies a distinctive position in the evaluation of Sjögren disease (SjD), offering diagnostic and prognostic insights that are rarely achievable in other systemic autoimmune conditions. It contributes essential diagnostic information, particularly for patients lacking anti-Ro/SSA antibodies or pediatric … Read more
Curr Opin Immunol. 2026 Feb 13;99:102740. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2026.102740. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Regulated cell death, including apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, as well as cell death arising from disrupted cellular homeostasis, such as ferroptosis and dysregulated autophagy, is implicated in cancer, autoimmunity, and transplantation biology. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a major cause of morbidity and mortality … Read more
Cancer Immunol Res. 2026 Feb 13. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-25-0663. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Fibroblast activation protein (FAP), which is highly expressed on cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), is a promising therapeutic target to achieve normalization of the tumor microenvironment. We previously established an ex vivo retroviral-transduced FAP-specific chimeric antigen receptor (FAP-CAR) T-cell approach to deplete FAP+ CAFs … Read more
Cancer Immunol Res. 2026 Feb 13. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-25-0635. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes (TIL-Bs) are increasingly recognized as favorable prognostic markers in multiple cancer types and the mechanisms underlying this are being actively investigated. In this study of TIL-Bs, we identified CD79A as a reliable quantifier of B lymphocytes and evaluated transcriptomic … Read more
Cancer Immunol Res. 2026 Feb 13:OF1-OF16. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-25-0558. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT High-dose interleukin 2 (HD IL2) produces durable responses in patients with advanced cancer, but its use is limited by life-threatening toxicities such as vascular leak syndrome (VLS). To improve the therapeutic index for IL2, a class of IL2 molecules has been engineered … Read more
Cancer Immunol Res. 2026 Feb 13. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-25-0766. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy characterized by complex interactions between tumor cells and the immune system. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in CRC progression and response to therapy. However, the mechanisms regulating TME composition remain poorly … Read more
