A new AI-based method reconstructs spatial information about where immune cells were originally located in an organ, even after these cells have been removed from the tissue and analyzed individually. To accomplish this, researchers at the University H…
Researchers are developing a two-part therapy for type 1 diabetes: lab-made insulin-producing cells paired with custom-engineered immune cells that protect them. The goal is to stop the immune system from destroying transplanted cells — without using i…
Researchers at The Jackson Laboratory (JAX), in collaboration with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), have developed the first bandage-like microneedle patch that can sample the body’s immune responses painlessly from the skin. The device…
That photogenic cup of bubble tea may come with hidden downsides. Tapioca pearls made from cassava can absorb heavy metals like lead, and in large amounts they may slow digestion or even cause blockages. The drink is often loaded with sugar—sometimes m…
Researchers from Queen Mary University of London have found that a medication originally developed for glycemic control can reverse serious heart damage—not by controlling blood sugar as originally intended, but by retraining the immune system to prote…
For patients with advanced melanoma without BRAF mutation who no longer respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors, treatment options remain frustratingly limited. A new study from Vanderbilt researchers led by Professor Emerita of Pharmacology Ann Richmo…
A team from the Monash University Biomedicine Discovery Institute has identified a tick-derived evasin that can bind to two major classes of chemokines, a discovery that is important for the development of therapeutics targeting inflammatory and autoim…
A new study from researchers at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem provides fresh insight into how pancreatic cancer may begin taking shape years before it is clinically detected. The research shows that early precancerous pancreatic cells organize int…
Immunotherapy has been generally ineffective for prostate cancer because the tumors are considered immunologically “cold,” meaning they do not attract enough immune cells to mount a strong attack. Hormone therapy commonly used for prostate cancer, call…
New research co-led by Burnet Institute and WEHI has uncovered how the human immune system fights Plasmodium vivax, paving the way for the first effective vaccine against the most widespread form of malaria. Published in Immunity, the study provides cr…
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved Dupixent (dupilumab) for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients aged 6 years and older with allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) and a history of sino-nasal surgery.
An autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid gland, called autoimmune hypothyroidism (AIHT), is the most common autoimmune disease, yet it remains largely understudied. New research from scientists at Broad Institute, University of Helsinki, and oth…
This is an update to the Guidelines for the Use of Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting in Immunological Studies (Third Edition), Chapter 12C, by Cossarizza et al. A 38-marker full-spectrum flow cytometry panel enabling high-resolution profiling of human γδ T cells across blood and lymphoid tissues, including robust identification of rare, tissue-adapted subsets.
J Immunol. 2026 Feb 9;215(2):vkaf363. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf363. ABSTRACT Mast cells are tissue-resident granulocytes that are often viewed through a negative lens due to their roles in allergies and hypersensitivity. While central to these conditions, mast cells have broader roles in vertebrate immune systems that are often overlooked. Whereas most mast cell research to date has … Read more
J Immunol. 2026 Feb 9;215(2):vkaf358. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf358. ABSTRACT Soil-transmitted helminths are one of the most common infections globally, yet how to promote effective gut-associated humoral responses is not well understood. We identify the histone methyltransferase MLL1 as a key target to promote IgA-driven responses. Mll1 was increased in germinal center B cells in gut-associated lymphoid … Read more
J Immunol. 2026 Feb 9;215(2):vkag006. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag006. ABSTRACT Adipocytes accumulate in the bone marrow with age. This has been proposed to trigger age-related changes in hematopoiesis that include a decline in B cell development. Bone marrow fat cells differ from adipocytes in other areas of the body and include 2 subsets termed constitutive and regulated … Read more
J Immunol. 2026 Feb 9;215(2):vkaf360. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf360. ABSTRACT Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular pathogen that can infect most nucleated cell types in rodents and humans. Parasite infection is regulated by inflammasome activation, downstream of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) priming, and interferon γ (IFN-γ)-mediated activation of immunity inducible GTPases. In vivo, the activation of these pathways … Read more
J Immunol. 2026 Feb 9;215(2):vkaf347. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf347. ABSTRACT Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a genetic autoimmune disease in children and young adults, with no cure, emphasizing the need for novel genetic-based therapies. Differential analysis using the “Limma” package identified 42 upregulated genes in the peripheral blood of T1D patients. Gene Ontology/Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and … Read more
J Immunol. 2026 Feb 9;215(2):vkaf340. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf340. ABSTRACT This study elucidates the regulatory role and molecular mechanism of the circular RNA actin-related protein 2 homolog (circACTR2) in macrophage phenotypic transformation and renal injury in chronic kidney disease (CKD). A mouse model of CKD was established via adenine administration. An in vitro inflammatory model was generated … Read more
J Immunol. 2026 Feb 9;215(2):vkaf370. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf370. ABSTRACT This study aimed to investigate the role of CD29 and CD99 in human T lymphocytes and elucidate its significance in Sjögren’s disease (SjD). ScRNA-Seq data were utilized to analyze CD29 and CD99 expression in PBMCs. CD29 and CD99-expressing T lymphocyte proportions in SjD patients and healthy controls … Read more
J Immunol. 2026 Feb 9;215(2):vkaf381. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf381. ABSTRACT Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which T cells mediate the elimination of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreatic islets, resulting in the need for exogenous insulin. Studies of T1D in both patients and the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of the disease … Read more
J Immunol. 2026 Feb 9;215(2):vkaf327. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf327. ABSTRACT Glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most lethal intracranial malignancy in the central nervous system with limited therapeutic options. Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) has emerged as a novel minimally invasive treatment for GBM. Around the core ablation zone of LITT, there exists a sublethal ablation zone caused by … Read more
J Immunol. 2026 Feb 9;215(2):vkaf350. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf350. ABSTRACT Co-expression of 2 T cell receptor (TCR) clonotypes due to allelic inclusion occurs in ∼16% of peripheral blood T cells in mice and humans. Evidence indicates dual TCR expression can affect thymic development and peripheral function. Notably, dual TCR cells demonstrate increased reactivity against self-antigens and heightened … Read more
BackgroundIn an immunosuppressive microenvironment created by melanoma cells, interleukin (IL)-10 can promote tumor growth and impair the function of antigen-presenting cells, particularly dendritic cells. One of the leading strategies to counteract IL…
IntroductionThere is great interest in combining the licensed pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine R21/Matrix-M® and the blood-stage candidate vaccine RH5.1/Matrix-M® to maximise efficacy against Plasmodium falciparum malaria. As protection is understood t…
BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can trigger immune-related adverse events (irAEs), among which Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) is exceptionally rare but potentially fatal. Sintilimab, a PD-1 inhibitor increas…
IntroductionSteroid-refractory (SR) hepatic acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) remains a life-threatening complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, characterized by limited responsiveness to both first- and second-…
BackgroundChimeric Antigen Receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy has demonstrated remarkable success in hematological malignancies but remains limited in the treatment of solid tumors. This study investigates the role of ATP synthase inhibitory factor 1 (ATP…
Sepsis remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, driven not by the infection itself but by a dysregulated host response that spirals into a cytokine storm and subsequent immune paralysis. This maladaptive immune reaction frequently culm…
BackgroundPatients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) are at increased risk for severe COVID-19 due to chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and impaired antiviral responses. However, the combined contribution of cytokine imbalance, host geneti…
Vitamin D3 (VitD3) deficiency affects over one billion individuals globally, representing a critical modifiable risk factor for immune-mediated diseases. Beyond its classical role in calcium metabolism, Vitamin D3 orchestrates immune homeostasis throug…
BackgroundOccupational exposure to carcinogenic dusts such as silica is a well-established risk factor for cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms linking early exposure to tumor-promoting microenvironmental changes remain poorly defined. Emerging ev…
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common and chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by an abnormal skin barrier, resulting in skin dryness, pruritus, and an increased risk of allergies and secondary infections. AD patients often show hypersensitivit…
BackgroundCommon variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is traditionally characterised by recurrent infections and immune dysregulation, but growing evidence suggests an increased risk of endothelial dysfunction and premature atherosclerosis in this populati…
BackgroundSepsis is characterised by a dysregulated host response to infection and remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Toll-like receptor (TLR)–mediated inflammatory signalling can amplify systemic cytokine release and has been implicated…
ObjectiveTo evaluate the short-term clinical efficacy and safety of efgartigimod in the treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) in a real-world setting.MethodsThis prospective real-world study enrolled 12 CIDP pati…
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) represents a systemic necrotizing vasculitis characterized by prominent peripheral eosinophilia. Concomitant plasma cell dyscrasias in the context of EGPA remain exceedingly rare in clinical literatu…
BackgroundAntibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is a leading cause of kidney allograft loss. Anti-angiotensin II type-1 receptor (AT1R) autoantibodies (AABs) have been implicated in AMR and microvascular inflammation (MVI), particularly in C4d-negative and…
BackgroundDespite the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in China, immune non-response (INR) remains critical for the long-term quality of life of people living with HIV (PLWH). Although the consensus on diag…
BackgroundClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is marked by intracellular lipid accumulation and dysregulated lipid metabolism, features that contribute to tumor progression and possibly immune suppression. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in ccR…
ObjectivesRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation and joint destruction. Abnormal T-cell ubiquitination has been implicated in RA pathogenesis, yet its molecular mechanisms remain unclear.Methods…
To investigate the efficacy of Iptacopan in transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), we report the case of a 43-year-old male with Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Myelo…
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by immune dysregulation, microvascular damage, and multi-organ fibrosis. Recent breakthroughs in single-cell and spatial multi-omics technologies have profoundly revealed the high h…
Acute respiratory distress (ARDS) caused by sepsis is a critical inflammatory condition with high mortality rates in clinical settings. The gut-lung axis plays a crucial role in regulating the immune response in both the intestinal and pulmonary enviro…
BackgroundClostridium perfringens type A is the primary pathogenic bacterium responsible for bovine necrotic enteritis, causing significant economic losses in large-scale livestock farming. Our previous reverse vaccinology screen identified the nontoxi…
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by a profoundly immunosuppressive microenvironment that fosters active peripheral immune tolerance, thereby severely compromising the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The recent characteri…
BackgroundPulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive, fatal interstitial lung disease with limited therapeutic options. Emerging evidence implicates immune–fibrotic crosstalk in PF pathogenesis, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly …
In 2020, we reported MICA allele frequencies from a cohort of over one million German individuals. This study identified MICA*008 (42%), MICA*002 (12%), and MICA*009 (9%) as the most common MICA alleles at protein resolution. Additionally, we discovere…
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the management of metastatic melanoma, providing durable survival benefits in a subset of patients. However, their use is associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which may be unpredict…
Allergic reaction-derived IL-33 activates ST2 to trigger selective eosinophil activation. IL-33 in a type 2 immune response environment induces biogenesis of lipid bodies in eosinophils, platforms for the generation of lipid mediators, and selectively triggers LTC4 production. ABSTRACT Like pieces of a puzzle, IL-33, eosinophils, and cysteinyl leukotrienes seem to come together and orchestrate allergic … Read more
Our cover features images related to flow cytometry techniques widely used for analysis of function and phenotypes of major human and murine immune cell subsets, superimposed on a multidimensional immune cell population scatter plot. These images are taken from the third edition of EJI’s Flow Cytometry Guidelines by Cossarizza et al., a comprehensive resource prepared … Read more
Curr Opin Immunol. 2026 Feb 27;99:102744. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2026.102744. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The reemergence of the mpox virus (MPXV) as a global health threat, with >100 000 cases reported across 115 countries since the WHO’s 2022 alert, has intensified research into its pathophysiology. MPXV exists in two main clades with distinct geographic and clinical … Read more
Curr Opin Immunol. 2026 Feb 27;99:102742. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2026.102742. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a highly heterogeneous chronic systemic inflammatory disease. Approximately 30-40% of patients exhibit an inadequate response to currently available biologic agents and Janus kinase inhibitors. In recent years, rapid advances in multi-omics technologies, including genomics, temporal transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, … Read more
Curr Opin Immunol. 2026 Feb 27;99:102746. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2026.102746. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a multidomain inflammatory disease where no instrument captures the full spectrum of activity or its impact on patients’ lives. Accurate outcome measurement is essential for research and personalized care. This review summarizes advances in PsA … Read more
Trends Immunol. 2026 Feb 27:S1471-4906(26)00002-5. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2026.01.002. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Macrophages are key in maintaining tissue homeostasis and controlling inflammation. To rapidly adapt their phenotype, they rely on JAK-STAT signaling pathways to convert extracellular cytokine cues into transcriptional responses. Understanding how macrophages interpret disease-associated cytokine environments is therefore key for deciphering how inflammation … Read more
J Leukoc Biol. 2026 Feb 27:qiag025. doi: 10.1093/jleuko/qiag025. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Besides their largely specific and abundant toxic granule proteins, their Charcot-Leyden crystals, DNA traps, and the release of leukotrienes, human eosinophils are often seen as affecting the immune response and tissue remodeling due to the release of numerous types of cytokines and … Read more
Trends Immunol. 2026 Feb 26:S1471-4906(26)00010-4. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2026.01.007. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Lactation is increasingly recognized as an immune-regulated process. Immune cells shape mammary gland development, coordinate tissue remodeling, and aid in milk production with lasting consequences for maternal health. Here, we summarize recent advances on the roles and dynamics of T cells in the … Read more
J Immunol. 2026 Feb 9;215(2):vkaf346. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf346. ABSTRACT MR1 is an major histocompatibility complex class I-like molecule that presents small molecule metabolites to MR1-restricted T cells that include a major population of highly conserved T cells known as mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. MAIT cells recognize bacterial riboflavin pathway-derived neoantigens and are being attributed an … Read more
J Leukoc Biol. 2026 Feb 27:qiag028. doi: 10.1093/jleuko/qiag028. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK), an upstream regulator of the noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathway, is implicated in the development of Hypereosinophilic-like syndrome (HES) in mice. HES in human patients is defined by 1.5×109 cells/L circulating in the blood with end-organ infiltration and resultant … Read more
Cancer Immunol Res. 2026 Feb 27. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-25-0611. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Providing cytokine signaling is a key strategy to boost the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. However, the individual roles of key downstream mediators, STAT3 and STAT5, remain incompletely understood. In this study, we engineered CAR T cells to … Read more
Cancer Immunol Res. 2026 Feb 27. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-25-1229. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Natural killer (NK) cells represent key effectors of antitumor immunity, yet emerging evidence highlights populations with distinct roles in cancer. Despite such expanded diversity within the NK cell repertoire, we lack an understanding of how this heterogeneity impacts immune responses and downstream … Read more
Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 27 February 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01286-2Zhu et al. report in Immunity that ketogenesis resulting from intermittent fasting causes the downregulation of CXCR4 expression on plasma cel…
J Leukoc Biol. 2026 Feb 26:qiag026. doi: 10.1093/jleuko/qiag026. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a critical component of the immune response to cancer, and their role in modulating cancer progression is well-recognized. Macrophages express pattern-recognition receptors, including Class A Scavenger Receptors (SR-A), which are pivotal in regulating macrophage activation and polarization into … Read more
