Scientists in the Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School and MIT have created a new family of tools that, for the first time, illuminates the missing half of how the immune system uses molecules called cytokines to communicate with the rest of t…
Researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center have identified blood-based biomarkers that can help distinguish patients with glioblastoma who are most likely to live longer from novel treatment with an engineered oncolytic virus, Del…
Because many different types of cancer cells overexpress programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), this cell surface protein is a major target of cancer immunotherapy. Unfortunately, drugs that target it do not trigger especially strong anticancer immune resp…
Since the start of the coronavirus pandemic, claims that vaccines can cause severe disease have been widespread on social media, with skeptics raising the alarm about what they call “turbo cancer.”
Researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have uncovered how chronic inflammation disrupts the immune system’s ability to heal the body, offering new insight into diseases associated with inflammation such as cancer, diabetes, hear…
When food is scarce, stress hormones direct the immune system to operate in “low power” mode to preserve immune function while conserving energy, according to researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine. This reconfiguration is crucial to combating infection…
A new study sheds light on why some patients with the most aggressive form of ovarian cancer respond better to treatment than others. Tumors positive for a molecule called MHC class II are linked to stronger immune responses and longer survival. These …
RNA-based medicine is about to take a huge leap forward thanks to the discovery of extremely short RNA fragments with important anti-inflammatory properties. Professor Michael Gantier’s latest research, published in Nature Immunology, builds on the Nob…
Researchers at the University of California San Diego have discovered a promising new treatment approach for pancreatic cancer, one of the deadliest and most treatment-resistant forms of cancer. The approach leverages the body’s natural immune response…
A study led by UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers has found that certain antibodies inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the cause of tuberculosis (TB), the infectious disease that claims the most lives worldwide. Published in Cell Reports, the …
A new study from McMaster University involving 2.8 million children around the world has revealed the most important early-life factors that influence whether a child becomes allergic to food.
Our lymphatic system is like a big network of roots spread throughout the body. It serves as part of our immune system, transporting immune cells and filtering excess fluid (lymph) before returning it to the bloodstream. Following the intricate, intert…
Cancer Immunol Res. 2026 Feb 11. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-25-0431. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Bronchial premalignant lesions (PMLs), precursors of lung squamous cell carcinoma, have distinct molecular subtypes. The proliferative subtype, enriched with bronchial dysplasia, had decreased expression of an antigen processing/presentation gene co-expression module in progressive/persistent versus regressive PMLs, suggesting a functional impact of these … Read more
Background
Dual anti-CTLA-4/PD-1 inhibitors show efficacy in numerous malignancies. We are the first to report on the efficacy of ipilimumab-nivolumab immunotherapy in a dedicated cohort of patients with gynecologic clear cell carcinomas (CCCs), which…
Purpose
ASP9801, an oncolytic virus encoding interleukin-7 and interleukin-12, was assessed for safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity in patients with advanced solid tumors in a Phase 1 study.
Methods
The study comprised Part…
by He, J., Kirsche, L., Nascakova, Z., Manfredi, F., Magnani, C. F., Papa, G., Azizi, F., Leary, P., Müller, A.
Background
ERBB2/HER2 is overexpressed or mutated in ~15% of gastric cancers due to amplification or mutation of the ERBB2 locus. While the tumor cell-intrinsic consequences of ERBB2 overexpression are well understood, much less is known about its eff…
by Kepp, O., Deng, X., Xue, E., Sveinbjornsson, B., Rekdal, O., Galluzzi, L., Kroemer, G.
Oncolytic peptides (OLPs) constitute an emerging class of immunotherapeutics that combine direct cancer cell lysis with immune activation. Indeed, OLPs induce rapid immunogenic cell death by disrupting intracellular membranes, which culminates with th…
Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 11 February 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01281-7Intestinal macrophages that support the enteric nervous system may be involved in the spread of α-synuclein pathology from the gut to the brain.
J Clin Immunol. 2026 Feb 11. doi: 10.1007/s10875-026-01984-5. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare x-linked monogenic immunodeficiency disease, caused by the mutation of WAS gene encoding WAS protein (WASp). Previous findings in WAS patients show B cell perturbations in the periphery, characterized by diminished B-cell numbers and phenotype abnormalities, including … Read more
Cancer Immunol Res. 2026 Feb 10. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-25-0979. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Anti-PD1 therapies improve survival in recurrent/metastatic (R/M) squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), but only a minority of patients achieve durable responses. The mechanisms driving resistance to anti-PD1 in SCCHN remain poorly understood. Using the IMMUcan multi-omics workflow, we … Read more
In indolent small B-cell lymphomas, autoimmune cytopenia and histologic transformation pose important diagnostic and management challenges. MYD88 and MYC abnormalities are rarely reported in splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL), and their role in immu…
Inflammation and endothelial dysfunction are key steps in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Octacosanol (C28H58O, OCT), a very-long-chain saturated aliphatic alcohol (VLCA) with 28 carbons, is the main component of policosanol, a nutraceutical mixtu…
BackgroundOsteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a severe complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the demographic characteristics, glucocorticoids (GCs) risks, and other contributing factors remain debated.ObjectiveTo elucidat…
BackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort accompanied by altered bowel habits, often alongside psychological symptoms. Increasing evidence suggests that ex…
IntroductionThe complement system plays a vital role in the immune response against tuberculosis (TB), aiding in the recognition and clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, its imbalance can result in either insufficient immune activation or …
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a critical public health challenge with profound consequences for patients’ neurological function and quality of life. The delayed secondary injuries following TBI can lead to devastating long-term sequelae encom…
IntroductionTesticular relapse constitutes one of the most frequent extramedullary recurrences in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), yet its clinical management remains incompletely characterized.MethodsThis study assessed treatment outcomes…
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has achieved significant success in hematologic malignancies, but its efficacy in solid tumors remains limited, primarily due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that hinders CAR-T cell t…
BackgroundMorvan syndrome is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by peripheral nerve hyperexcitability with autonomic and central nervous system involvement, most commonly associated with antibodies against contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CAS…
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide and poses a critical public health challenge due to difficulties in early diagnosis, therapy resistance, and high mortality rates. The complex tumor microenviron…
IntroductionThe crosstalk between immune cells through plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) during SARS-CoV-2 infection may represent a significant determinant of clinical course in COVID-19 patients. EVs from SARS-CoV-2 virus-infected cells deliver the…
BackgroundIschemic stroke (IS) induces profound dysregulation of the neuro–molecular innate immune–vascular network, yet the molecular immune states and regulatory mechanisms of key cellular subpopulations remain insufficiently defined. Although tradit…
BackgroundEpstein–Barr virus (EBV)-positive nodal T/NK-cell lymphoma (EBV+ nTNKL) has recently been delineated in the WHO-HAEM5 classification as a distinct and exceptionally rare entity. Its biology and clinical trajectory remain obscure relative to E…
BackgroundMICA is a stress-induced ligand for the activating receptor NKG2D and plays a central role in immune recognition and elimination of tumor cells. Tumor-derived soluble MICA (sMICA) and its allelic diversity impair immune responses by disruptin…
BackgroundIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease characterized by chronic inflammation, aberrant tissue remodeling, and hypoxia. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), it is classified as Qi deficiency–blood stasis syndrome. The m…
BackgroundTo investigate the efficacy and safety of telitacicept combined with glucocorticoid/mycophenolate mofetil (GM) versus telitacicept in the treatment of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN).MethodsThis retrospective, multicenter cohort study enr…
Background and objectiveTo investigate the relationship between inflammation and hypertension by comparing epigenetic and serum biomarkers of inflammation and their association with target organ damage (TOD).MethodsThe epigenome-wide methylation profil…
BackgroundMyasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by fluctuating muscle weakness due to impaired neuromuscular transmission. Vaccination remains a cornerstone of infectious disease prevention, yet concerns persist regarding p…
BackgroundLocalized Scleroderma (LoS), particularly aggressive subtypes such as Deep Morphea (morphea profunda), is a rare chronic autoimmune fibrosing disorder that can extend into the subcutaneous tissue, fascia, and muscle. These deep forms carry a …
The apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) family was first defined as an innate antiviral defense system, but the APOBEC3 subfamily (APOBEC3s) is now recognized as a major endogenous source of somatic mutagenesis in cancer. …
Esophageal cancer presents a formidable global health challenge, particularly when complicated by esophageal fistulas, which historically confer a dismal prognosis and severely limit therapeutic options. We report a challenging case of locally advanced…
BackgroundNeuropsychiatric (NP) involvement represents one of the major challenges in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), often requiring individualized therapeutic strategies. While anifrolumab inhibits the type I interferon receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and is…
The differentiation between Immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) and orbital lymphoma, particularly the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) subtype, presents a significant clinical challenge due to overlapping imaging features a…
ObjectiveTherapeutic outcomes after immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are highly heterogeneous. Accurate prognostic assessment is essential for risk stratification and clinical management. This study aimed to develop…
Sepsis-associated liver injury (SALI) is a critical determinant of sepsis prognosis, characterized by extensive hepatocellular death and dysregulated immune responses. Emerging evidence highlights the pivotal role of regulated cell death (RCD) — includ…
Prostate cancer (PCa) management remains challenged by tumor heterogeneity, unpredictable progression, and limitations in early detection, driving demand for innovative biological insights. As pivotal mediators of intercellular communication, exosomes …
Powerful interferon (IFN)-I-producing capacity distinguishes plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) from related innate cells. Adams et al. find that, during pDC development, the locus encoding IFN-I genes acquires a unique intranuclear localization and c…
Type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) are key antigen-presenting cells and have been implicated in the induction of peripheral tolerance, yet how cDC1s actively enforce immune tolerance remains unclear. In a recent issue of Nature, Zhang et al. p…
Defining the antigen specificity of T cell receptors (TCRs) remains a significant barrier to understanding adaptive immunity in various pathologies. In this issue of Immunity, Gaglione et al. report the development of TCRAFT, a novel platform that enab…
Immunotherapeutic approaches to brain aging remain largely preclinical and in early translational stages, and they have focused mostly on modulating innate immunity. In this issue of Immunity, Negredo et al. identify T cells bearing exhaustion-like sig…
Tissue inflammation introduces unique, and often harsh, environments for immune cells. During allergic airway inflammation, pathogenic ILC2s proliferate robustly and drive pathology, but how do they overcome the nutrient-depleted environment? In this i…
Microglia display remarkable plasticity, with their cellular states evolving in response to developmental stage, regional context, and environmental or pathological stimuli. In this issue of Immunity, Hamagami et al. demonstrate that adaptive reconfigu…
by Piao, M., Li, C., Li, S., Zhang, N., Li, J., Luo, X., Liu, R., Wang, F., Shi, X., Liu, C., Tan, G., Zhu, Z., Yang, X., Zhao, H.
Background
Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is an aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options and a poor prognosis. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy have improved patient outcomes, their toxicity remains concerning. …
Background
The local effect of radiotherapy (RT) is enhanced by CD8+ T-cell responses elicited through dendritic cell (DC)-mediated cross-presentation of tumor antigens, facilitated by RT-induced damage-associated molecular patterns. The abscopal effe…
Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 10 February 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01278-2A preprint by Heieis et al. shows that O-GlcNAcylation regulates the alternative activation of macrophages and their tissue residency through …
We report a novel case of complete complement Factor B deficiency revealed by invasive meningococcal disease. Using combined functional and genetic analyses, we demonstrate that loss of Factor B abolishes alternative pathway activity despite detectable protein levels. These findings provide a mechanistic framework relevant to complement diagnostics and to the clinical use of Factor B … Read more
Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) is a key regulator of RNA homeostasis and innate immunity through its adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs). By editing endogenous dsRNAs, ADAR1 prevents inappropriate activat…
The advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has ushered in a remarkable era of prolonged survival for individuals living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Yet this prolonged survival has paradoxically coincided with an increasing burden of non-AI…
IntroductionEsophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) accounts for most esophageal cancer cases. This study implemented a multi-dimensional integrative approach to identify tumor-associated autoantibodies (TAAbs) and develop a diagnostic model for the …
BackgroundEndometrial carcinoma (EC) demonstrates a pronounced age-related disparity in clinical outcomes, yet the underlying genomic and molecular mechanisms remain incompletely characterized, especially across Asian populations.MethodsWe performed an…
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a severe fibrotic complication following ocular trauma or retinal detachment surgery, characterized by complex multicellular and multicytokine interactions. Its core mechanism involves retinal pigment epithelial…
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Treatment of HCC has shifted from traditional modalities to immunotherapy-centered combination strategies. While the current immunothe…
γδ T cells are emerging as a promising platform for adoptive cell therapy due to their ability to recognize tumors independently of MHC and their minimal risk of causing graft-versus-host disease. While serum-supplemented media have traditionally been …
