Our immune system relies on T cells to fight infections. But T cells don’t just show up and react—first, they train, get a game plan, and coordinate their defenses in lymphoid organs. Researchers have struggled to understand how this counteroffensive e…
A study published in Stem Cell Reports demonstrates that genetically engineered human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can overcome immune rejection in mice with humanized immune systems, surviving for five months in a stringent transplantation model. Th…
What impact does a viral infection have on our memory, attention, and concentration? The COVID-19 pandemic has reignited interest in this question, which has now been extended to other infections such as HIV, herpes, and hepatitis.
Researchers at the National University of Singapore (NUS) have identified a protein called tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) as a potential “switch” that can modulate a type of cancer cell death known as immunogenic cell death (ICD).
How people with compromised immune systems respond to vaccines is an important area of immunological research. A study led by York University has found that not only could machine-learning models accurately pinpoint differences in healthy controls and …
Cancer spreads (metastasizes) when tumor cells shed from a primary solid tumor (for example, in the breast) and embed in other organs, such as the lung, liver, and brain, and begin to grow. Most approaches to prevent this metastatic process aim to shri…
A study conducted by scientists from the Institut Pasteur has revealed that microbes protect the lungs from subsequently developing allergies and asthma. This long-term protection is “memorized” not by immune system cells, but by fibroblasts, structura…
The types of fats we consume directly impacts the survival and strength of the body’s immune cells and ability to fight disease, researchers have found. A University of Queensland team led an international collaboration that found diet could change the…
The “hygiene hypothesis” suggests exposure to diverse types of microbes may protect against developing diseases caused by allergens, but a new study in mice reveals that adults’ exposure to diverse microbes and allergens may in fact worsen certain alle…
Savannah Bee Company is recalling a batch of its Honey BBQ Sauce-Mustard after discovering the product may contain undeclared wheat and soy, two common allergens.
One of the big mysteries in food allergy is why two people with similar levels of peanut-specific antibodies can react so differently. It turns out the answer may be in the mouth and gut’s bacteria. A new study, led by researchers at McMaster Universit…
Researchers at the Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS Medicine) and Monash University in Australia have demonstrated that an intranasal vaccine booster may confer significantly stronger and broader immune responses, …
Background
Immune-related hepatitis (ir-hepatitis) ranks among the most frequent adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Limited knowledge exists regarding the incidence, characteristics, and treatment of patients having an inadequate r…
Background
Anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of stage III and IV melanoma. Real-world data on its resistance is needed to facilitate the development of combinatorial approaches to overcome anti-…
Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 05 March 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01287-1Androgens support IL-10-expressing monocytes that alleviate inflammatory pain.
Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 05 March 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01285-3A preprint by Garcia et al. describes a role for immune checkpoint signalling in balancing wound repair and fibrotic remodelling in mouse models …
Trends Immunol. 2026 Mar 3:S1471-4906(25)00316-3. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.12.008. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Bile acids are cholesterol derivatives, generated by the coordinated intervention of human and bacterial genes, functioning as endogenous ligands for multiple transcription factors and receptors throughout the body. While only two primary bile acids are generated by the human liver, the intestinal microbiota … Read more
Curr Opin Immunol. 2026 Mar 3;100:102751. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2026.102751. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Voltage-gated proton channels (Hv1) are key regulators of microglial activation, coupling proton extrusion to reactive oxygen species production, cellular pH homeostasis, and pro-inflammatory signaling. Dysregulated Hv1 activity exacerbates neuroinflammation and contributes to a range of central nervous system pathologies. Our recent work … Read more
Curr Opin Immunol. 2026 Mar 3;100:102743. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2026.102743. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Despite major advances in understanding Sjögren’s disease (SjD), no approved disease-modifying therapies have been approved. Management remains largely symptomatic with the use of off-label immunomodulators for systemic features. This gap highlights the substantial unmet need for targeted treatment. Encouragingly, the therapeutic landscape … Read more
Curr Opin Immunol. 2026 Mar 3;100:102747. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2026.102747. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) play major roles in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Human and rat FLS express the KCa1.1 channel (BK, Maxi-K, Slo1, and KCNMA1) as their major potassium channel at the plasma membrane. Reducing the expression or function of this … Read more
Curr Opin Immunol. 2026 Mar 3;100:102750. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2026.102750. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The voltage-gated potassium channel KV1.3 (KCNA3) is a critical ion channel regulating membrane potential in immune cells, facilitating sustained calcium influx and activating downstream signaling events. Besides its canonical role as an ion channel, KV1.3 has been postulated to exert additional functions … Read more
Cancer Immunol Res. 2026 Mar 4. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-25-0950. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Merkel cell carcinomas (MCC) typically arise from clonal integration of the Merkel cell polyomavirus. Immunogenic viral oncoproteins then lead to tumorigenesis. Oncoprotein-specific T cells are essential for anti-MCC immunity, but it is unclear whether B cells promote tumor control. Here, we analyzed … Read more
BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the clinical, serological and myopathological features of Chinese patients with inclusion body myositis (IBM).MethodsThis study retrospectively recruited patients diagnosed with IBM according to the 2024 Europe…
IntroductionChemotherapy remains the standard of care for metastatic soft tissue sarcoma (STS), but clinical benefit is modest. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (…
ObjectiveThrombotic primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) pathogenesis remains undefined, and recurrent thrombosis may occur despite adequate anticoagulation treatment. Identifying disease-specific molecular pathways and regulators can help in the d…
BackgroundArctigenin (AG), a natural lignan compound, has been reported to reveal its anti-inflammatory effects in glucose, lipid metabolism and type 2 diabetes mellitus. An increasing number of studies suggest that microglia activation evoked neuroinf…
PurposeThe aim of this study was to present a case of early-onset mevalonic aciduria (MA) in a neonate and summarize the relevant phenotypic and genotypic spectra of MA.Methods and resultsWe describe a neonate who presented with elevated inflammatory m…
As an immune checkpoint molecule, Tim-3 is expressed on T cells and other immune cells, and is crucial for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing excessive inflammation. This article reviews the changes in expression, mechanism of action, and cl…
Recent studies, including reports of rare monogenic Toll-Like Receptor 7 (TLR7) gain-of-function mutations, have established TLR7 as a causal driver in a subset of human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) cases. Consequently, TLR7 and its downstream me…
BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with standard chemotherapy (CT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) have shown promising results in recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for advanced or recurrent cervical cancer (CC). However, compre…
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a pattern recognition receptor that binds to pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Binding of exogenous or endogenous ligands activates the TLR4 pathway and induc…
Chimeric antigen receptor–engineered NK-92 (CAR-NK-92) cells emulate activated natural killer cells, combining potent innate cytotoxicity with CAR-driven antigen specificity. Their scalability and FDA approval make them attractive for universal use. Ho…
Uric acid has complex bidirectional effects on human physiology and disease, influenced by its antioxidant capacity, metabolic regulatory roles, and pro-inflammatory properties, all of which are highly context-dependent. In this review, we synthesize r…
The periodontium hosts diverse populations of mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells that are essential for maintaining homeostasis and driving regeneration. These include cells derived from the periodontal ligament, gingiva, and apical papilla. In heal…
We report an invasive deep-tissue infection caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum in a diabetic patient in China. Although typically a phytopathogen restricted to superficial human infections, it caused rapid necrosis necessitating hallux amputation. Thi…
BackgroundThe neuroimmune axis plays a crucial role in maintaining pulmonary homeostasis and influencing disease outcomes. Although significant progress has been made in this interdisciplinary field, the research remains scattered, and a unified unders…
BackgroundImmune dysregulation, classified as distinct phenotypes within inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) and collectively known as primary immune regulatory disorders (PIRD) is increasingly recognized as a major contributor to morbidity; however, the …
IntroductionNeuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is a major clinical challenge, characterized by heterogeneous manifestations and the absence of reliable biomarkers. The mechanisms linking systemic autoimmunity to neuronal injury and n…
BackgroundSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating neurological condition that results in severe motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction, imposing a considerable burden on affected individuals and healthcare systems. Neutrophil extracellular traps …
BackgroundIntracranial germ cell tumors (iGCTs) are categorized into germinomas (GEs) and non-germinomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs), which show divergent clinical outcomes with GEs having a significantly more favorable prognosis. This prognostic disp…
IntroductionSjögren’s disease (SjD) is the second most prevalent rheumatic disease and is characterized by autoimmune pathology targeting the tear-producing lacrimal glands, leading to chronic ocular surface disease. Despite important advances, lacrima…
BackgroundPrimary Antiphospholipid Syndrome (PAPS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by arterial and/or venous thrombosis and obstetric morbidity. Arterial thrombosis, although less frequent than venous events, is associated with substant…
J Leukoc Biol. 2026 Mar 3;118(3):qiag021. doi: 10.1093/jleuko/qiag021. ABSTRACT Liver fibrosis is a chronic condition that often leads to organ failure. Currently, no effective treatment exists for advanced liver fibrosis. De-repression of the transcription factor Nrf2, by inhibition of the ubiquitin ligase substrate adaptor Keap1, is a promising strategy to treat liver fibrosis because Nrf2 … Read more
J Leukoc Biol. 2026 Mar 3:qiag030. doi: 10.1093/jleuko/qiag030. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT In NSCLC, radiotherapy mediates cytotoxicity but also activates radioresistance drivers like HER2. We investigated radiotherapy combined with HER2-targeted T cell therapy in a NSCLC model. The anti-tumor efficacy of radiotherapy and engineered T cells expressing a DAP12-associated synthetic antigen receptor (SAR) targeting … Read more
Background
The efficacy of combined chemotherapy and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is constrained by the collateral cytotoxicity of chemotherapy toward proliferating tumor-specific CD8+ T (TTST) cells, a popul…
Background
Antibody therapeutics have revolutionized cancer treatment, but their use is increasingly associated with adverse events. Among these, anaphylaxis is particularly concerning due to its severity and unpredictability. Our previous studies dem…
by Jarrard, D., Eickhoff, J., Kyriakopoulos, C. E., Jeon, D., Tonelli, T. P., Johnson, L., Huang, W., McNeel, D. G.
Background
In murine studies, we demonstrated that a DNA vaccine encoding the androgen receptor (pTVG-AR) given prior to androgen deprivation elicited prostate tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and an antitumor response. The current trial evaluated this …
Cellular & Molecular Immunology, Published online: 04 March 2026; doi:10.1038/s41423-026-01396-wOncolytic virus M1 reinvigorates CD8+ T-cell immunity against glioblastoma through B-cell-dependent antigen cross-presentation in the s…
Cellular & Molecular Immunology, Published online: 04 March 2026; doi:10.1038/s41423-026-01391-1Lytic IFNγ is stored in cytotoxic granules and coreleased with granzyme B to mediate cytotoxic T lymphocyte killing
Cellular & Molecular Immunology, Published online: 04 March 2026; doi:10.1038/s41423-026-01395-xTofacitinib repairs inflammation and mitochondrial dysregulation in GM-CSF-reprogrammed RA macrophages
Curr Opin Immunol. 2026 Mar 2;100:102745. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2026.102745. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is a hallmark of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) driven by chronic antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) exposure. Beyond acute thrombotic events, ED contributes to atherosclerosis, vascular remodelling, stenosis and multi-organ manifestations, positioning the endothelium as a putative target for disease monitoring and … Read more
Thyroid Eye Disease (TED), also known as Graves’ ophthalmopathy, is an organ-specific inflammatory disorder associated with autoimmune thyroid dysfunction. Its primary pathological features include immune cell infiltration of orbital tissues, fat hyper…
IntroductionRespiratory coinfections involving Influenza viruses, including Influenza A viruses (IAV) and bacteria, significantly worsen disease severity and remain a major public health concern, particularly during seasonal and pandemic flu outbreaks….
BackgroundCardiovascular disease is driven by the interplay between dyslipidemia and chronic inflammation. However, most current therapies mainly focus on lipid lowering, leaving substantial residual inflammatory risk and underscoring the need for agen…
IntroductionTuberculosis (TB) continues to be one of the leading infectious causes of mortality world-wide, while the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine provides variable protection. To address this limitation, our group developed a recombinant BCG…
Pulmonary fibrosis, a heterogeneous and fatal interstitial lung disease, lacks curative therapies and specific biomarkers, posing great clinical challenges. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are key inflammatory mediators in pulmonary fibrosis path…
IntroductionPortal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with poor prognosis and limited efficacy of current first-line therapies. Combining locoregional and systemic therapies may enhance antitumor immunity. Howeve…
BackgroundApproximately 70% of pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is associated with congenital heart disease causing increased pulmonary blood flow (IPF). The developing neonatal lung is highly susceptible to hemodynamic stress, yet the d…
BackgroundChimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy significantly improves the prognosis of a variety of hematological malignancies; however, its broader application in clinical practice is hindered by adverse events, particularly cytokine relea…
The discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets is essential for advancing multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment strategies. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), a 25-kDa glycoprotein, has gained considerable attention for its diverse roles in immune regulation a…
ObjectiveTo compare the patterns of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (TESCC) treated with neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (nICT) versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) alone and its impact on progno…
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs and play a crucial role in the regulation of inflammation. White adipose tissue (WAT) covers the body and internal organs in subcutaneous and visceral fat depots, respectively, and represents an important so…
This report describes a rare case of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) complicated by systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS) and reviews the literature to examine the clinical features, pathogenesis, and therapeutic implications of autoim…
With ageing populations, the prevalence of different types of dementias is increasing. The pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, has been linked to the presence of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the central ne…
Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by xerostomia and keratoconjunctivitis sicca, with approximately 10%–20% of patients developing concurrent immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Recent studies suggest the pathogenesis o…
