CAR T cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment of many blood cancers, but has shown little success against solid tumors, which account for over 85% of all cancers. Columbia researchers have now found that a new type of cell therapy—HIT cells, a co…
Researchers at the University of Liège have identified a key genetic regulator that enables macrophages to reach full maturity and preserve the health of our organs. The MafB factor, a veritable “molecular switch,” activates or deactivates certain gene…
An Australian teenager who died after eating beef sausages on a camping trip has been confirmed as the nation’s first death from a tick-induced meat allergy. New South Wales Deputy State Coroner Carmel Forbes Jeremy Webb died in 2022 from an anaphylact…
A research team led by Professor Ki-Young Lee at the College of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, has uncovered a previously unrecognized tumor-intrinsic role of the immune checkpoint molecule PD-L1, providing new mechanistic insight into lung cancer …
It’s widely known that breastfeeding impacts the health of both mother and child, but the underlying biology that leads to these effects has been understudied. In a review article published in Trends in Immunology, researchers highlight recent studies …
Yale researchers have developed a machine learning model, called Immunostruct, that can help scientists create more personalized vaccines, including vaccines for cancer. They described the tool in Nature Machine Intelligence along with findings from ap…
A causal relationship appears to exist between increased air pollution and outpatient visits for chronic rhinitis, according to a study published in The Laryngoscope. Su Hwan Kim, from Gyeongsang National University in Jinju, South Korea, and colleague…
Young infants hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) often become much sicker than those infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. In a study published in Science Translational Medicine, scientists from St. Jude Children’s …
Since scientists first discovered that human immune cells could be modified to become cancer-fighting agents, they’ve been trying to engineer a cell that’s effective against solid tumors, which account for the vast majority of cancer cases. In a key ad…
A team of researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Weill Cornell Medicine, and other institutions have uncovered a key biological explanation for why eczema so often starts in childhood. The study, in young mice, found that some type…
UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers have identified two lipids that work together with a quintessential protein known as stimulator of interferon genes (STING) to launch an immune response in the human body. Their findings, detailed in two paper…
A new study has overcome a long-standing challenge: how to isolate and study elusive HIV-infected cells called authentic reservoir clones (ARCs) that evade the immune system, making the disease difficult to cure. Researchers from Weill Cornell Medicine…
The CD40-CD40L pathway is often dysregulated in B-cell-driven autoimmune diseases, making the development of CD40L inhibitors a promising therapeutic approach in managing autoimmune responses. We developed an inhibitory anti-CD40L Fab fragment, Fab20, and demonstrated that Fab20 effectively suppresses B-cell proliferation, differentiation, and antibody production in vitro. Made with Biorender. ABSTRACT Dysregulation of the CD40-CD40L axis … Read more
Liver transplantation is the definitive therapy for end-stage liver disease, yet hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury (HIRI) remains a leading cause of early graft dysfunction. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can support host defense, but dysregul…
Background and aimsAntibiotic use in early life is increasingly being scrutinized for its potential effects on health, particularly its association with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The weaning period is a critical developmental window for maturat…
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) represents a family of multifunctional cytokines, primarily secreted by megakaryocytes, monocytes, T lymphocytes, bone marrow stromal cells, and other cell types. TGF-β plays an essential role in various physiologic…
BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly improved survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but may rarely trigger severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs).Case summaryA 64-year-oldpatient with m…
IntroductionC-type lectins (CTLs), a family of pattern recognition receptors, participate in insect innate immunity and could serve as potential targets for insect pest management. However, information about CTLs in the immune responses of Conogethes p…
IntroductionThis study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant immunotherapy combination regimens in locally advanced resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and evaluate the pros and cons of different regimens and their i…
VACCIMEL is an immunotherapeutic adjuvant treatment for high-risk cutaneous melanoma. It consists of 13 intradermal injections of four irradiated melanoma cell lines co-adjuvated with BCG and GM-CSF. VACCIMEL prolongs distant metastases-free survival a…
Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) constitute the core component of the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB), whose structural and functional integrity is crucial for maintaining central nervous system homeostasis. In recent years, ferroptosis—a novel …
BackgroundAlthough immune dysregulation is implicated in both autoimmune diseases and cancer, comparative pathogenesis and immune response mechanisms between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and colorectal cancer (CRC) remain elusive. This study iden…
Locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) can be treated effectively with surgical resection following downstaging via preoperative neoadjuvant therapy. This case report details the successful management of a patient with ESCC complica…
IntroductionAnterior gradient 2 (AGR2) contributes to tumorigenesis, yet its function within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and in macrophage polarization remains unclear. This study assessed the prognostic significance of AGR2 and investigated its m…
The histone methyltransferase DOT1L, the sole enzyme catalyzing H3K79 methylation, is increasingly implicated in cancer progression, yet its role in shaping the tumor immune microenvironment (TME) remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that DOT1L orches…
Toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) agonists (such as resiquimod-R848) are potent immune adjuvants. However, their clinical use is limited by severe systemic toxicity. To address this challenge, prodrug strategies have emerged as a key solution. In recent …
BackgroundFerroptosis is a novel form of regulated cell death driven by lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to elucidate mechanisms by which NADPH oxidase …
BackgroundChemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN) remains a major dose-limiting toxicity associated with myelosuppressive chemotherapy regimens. The development of therapeutic strategies capable of effectively restoring neutrophil production and functio…
IntroductionZinc deficiency affects ~17% of the population globally, contributing to deficits in growth, metabolism and immunity. Serum zinc is greatly reduced in alcohol-associated hepatitis, driven by hepatic dysfunction and poor zinc retention. Whil…
BackgroundNeoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy (NCI) has significantly improved outcomes in advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). However, some patients remain resistant to NCI, resulting in poor outcomes. The mechanisms behind this resistance remai…
IntroductionHost–parasite interactions are ubiquitous and are important drivers of host diversification and evolution. In particular, host immune systems are frequent targets of parasite-driven selection. The resulting rapid evolution of immune genes i…
IntroductionExcessive oxidative burst and dysregulated neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation contribute to tissue damage in acute lung injury (ALI) and are largely driven by the combined actions of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) and myeloperoxidase (MP…
Gastric cancer is among the most prevalent malignant tumors of the digestive system worldwide. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have achieved substantial advances in the treatment of gastric cancer. By blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 and CT…
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous pulmonary disorder characterized by persistent airflow limitation and symptoms of progressive dyspnea, cough, and sputum. While traditionally linked to type 1 immunity, a significant subse…
ObjectivesTo investigate the dynamics of IL-17A levels in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) treated with secukinumab and to determine the relationship between circulating IL-17A forms and clinical response.MethodsWe analyzed serum IL-17A levels in …
Sex hormones, androgens, estrogens, and progestogens, play critical regulatory roles in the development and activation of the immune system, which contribute to the sex dimorphism in the disease susceptibility. Sex hormone receptors are expressed in va…
Peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is increasingly targeted to modulate inflammatory pathology, yet its inhibition produces biological effects that extend beyond the processes it was originally designed to suppress. While PAD4 targeting has largely be…
BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The majority of patients with HCC are diagnosed at an advanced stage, resulting in limited treatment o…
BackgroundReliable biomarkers that predict treatment response and long-term outcomes in neoadjuvant-treated esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain limited. The Gustave Roussy Immune (GRIm) score and the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) …
BackgroundThe response rate to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) varies significantly among individuals. Cancer-associated macrophages (TAMs) are key components of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), influenci…
AimThis study compared host responses against natural gingivitis in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in young and aged periodontium.Materials and methodsThis cross-sectional study recruited two patient populations with natural gingivitis in young (1…
Cancer Immunol Res. 2026 Feb 25. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-25-1060. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), including those that block PD-1/PD-L1, have revolutionized therapy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer. However, most patients demonstrate no clinical benefit or acquire resistance, even when tumors express PD-L1. This highlights the critical need to dissect tumor … Read more
Cancer Immunol Res. 2026 Feb 25. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-25-0758. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The existence of intra-tumoral tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) has been reported to be correlated with reduced recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the cellular characteristics and driving mechanism of TLSs in HCC remain largely unknown. In this study, we compared clinical outcomes … Read more
J Leukoc Biol. 2026 Feb 25:qiag023. doi: 10.1093/jleuko/qiag023. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent inflammatory disorder with limited therapeutic options. Ephedra sinica Stapf (ESP), a traditional Chinese herb, has shown potential in respiratory diseases, but its bioactive components and mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigates the anti-inflammatory effects of ESP-B4, … Read more
Cancer Immunol Res. 2026 Feb 25. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-25-0836. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Immunotherapies have revolutionized the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet their response rates remain limited, highlighting the need for new therapeutic targets. In this study, we found that VSIG4 (V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 4) is predominantly expressed by macrophages in both … Read more
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype characterized by limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Immune checkpoint blockade, particularly via programmed cell death protein-1/programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitio…
We developed a 50-plex imaging protocol using the MACSima platform to characterize the microarchitecture of germinal centers in secondary lymphoid tissues. This workflow combines tissue processing, automated cyclic imaging, image preprocessing, and a new analysis method that detects morphological changes in irregularly shaped stromal cells.
Human lamina propia mononuclear cells (LPMC) were isolated from intestinal biopsies and resections, as well as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from blood. Using flow cytometry approaches, we characterized cDC subsets and assessed their functional capacity through T-cell coculture assays (after isolation of the different subsets of cDC using sorter cytometry). This approach enabled a … Read more
Cancer Immunol Res. 2026 Feb 24. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-25-1381. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy demonstrated remarkable efficacy against hematological malignancies. However, B cell malignancies with lymph node (LN) involvement frequently remain resistant. Here, we show that CAR T cells downregulated the chemokine receptor CCR7, crucial for nodal homing, during manufacturing. … Read more
PurposeCutaneous melanoma (CM) incidence is rising, and despite advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), many metastatic patients do not respond or develop resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of a pre-treatment FDG-PET/…
IntroductionTumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors are widely used for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but paradoxical immune reactions, including autoimmune thyroid disease, have been reported.Case presentationWe describe a 71-year-old man with a 16-year…
BackgroundListeria monocytogenes is an uncommon cause of infective endocarditis but is associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate in immunocompromised hosts. Evans syndrome, typically treated with prolonged high-dose corticosteroids and additi…
ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the potential of EEG in monitoring the extent of white matter microstructural damage in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (pwNMOSD) for the first time.MethodsThirty-two pwNMOSD and 20 healthy cont…
The integrated stress response (ISR) is a conserved cyto-protective mechanism, which has fundamental roles in maintaining cell viability under various conditions when intracellular and/or extracellular homeostasis is disrupted. ISR features phosphoryla…
Immunotherapy represents a systemic approach to cancer treatment; however, its effectiveness can be limited by intrinsic tumor resistance or immunosuppressive mechanisms within the tumor microenvironment. In contrast, carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) dem…
Background/objectiveImmunodeficiency is a common precipitating factor for Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP). Vitamins are essential for enhancing immune function and mitigating systemic inflammation. However, the relationship between various vitami…
Background aimDespite the remarkable efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (R/R MM), treatment response and toxicity exhibit considerable heterogeneity. This study aimed to evaluate the pro…
PurposeCrohn’s Disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by intestinal inflammation, especially in the progression of postoperative anastomotic recurrence. Recent evidence implicates mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) in CD pathogenes…
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder resulting from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and an abnormal immune response of the intestinal immune system to commensal microorganisms. The gut micr…
IntroductionPeripheral blood samples are widely used in HLA genotyping due to their easy accessibility and the high-quality DNA from nucleated leukocytes. However, in cases of disease relapse requiring a second transplantation, clinicians encounter sig…
BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a frontline treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet 80% of the patients exhibit resistance, creating an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. In this study, we investigate…
BackgroundSchistosomiasis remains a significant public health challenge in endemic regions, leading to substantial morbidity. While regular mass drug administration (MDA) of praziquantel (PZQ) is a cornerstone schistosomiasis control programs in endemi…
Histone acetylation, a fundamental and reversible epigenetic modification, critically regulates chromatin structure and plays a pivotal role in diverse cellular processes, including gene transcription, cell cycle progression, and DNA damage repair. Rhe…
IntroductionIn recent years, repeated eccentric exercise has gained increasing attention as a potentially superior intervention for ameliorating insulin resistance (IR). However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for these effects remain incomplete…
IntroductionIntravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), a therapeutic preparation of pooled normal IgG is extensively used as a first-line immunotherapy for many autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including Kawasaki disease (KD). IVIG provides therapeutic be…
Radioresistant thymic cells encompass minor subsets of lymphoid precursors of T cells (TLPs), innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), as well as stromal-epithelial and endothelial populations. This review focuses on radioresistant TLPs and their regenerative and…
IntroductionT cell exhaustion driven by chronic antigen stimulation limits durable responses to cancer immunotherapy. Using repeated soluble anti-CD3/anti-CD28 stimulation, we established an in vitro system that recapitulates hallmark exhaustion featur…
BackgroundCervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide. For patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer (R/MCC) after surgery or radiotherapy, drug therapy is the primary treatment modality. Currently, head-to-head …
PurposeThis study aimed to thoroughly investigate the detection levels of serum Hepatitis B Virus RNA (HBV RNA) and its clinical significance in Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) patients before and after treatment.MethodsSerum samples were collected from 487 …
