Platelets are increasingly recognized as active amplifiers of neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). P2Y12 is an essential ADP receptor that regulates platelet activation and is upregulated in neuro…
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) have substantially extended survival in patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC), yet they also carry the risk of life-threatening immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Clinical experience in man…
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) represents the most prevalent modification on eukaryotic RNA and plays a critical role in nearly all stages of RNA expression regulation. Extensive research demonstrates that the dysregulation of m6A modification plays a signif…
BackgroundThe global prevalence of ischemic stroke (IS) and osteoporosis (OP) is rising, posing significant public health challenges in aging populations. We aimed to uncover shared genetic factors and elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking IS and …
Human papillomavirus (HPV), the major cause of cervical cancer, continues to be associated with an increasing number of diagnosed cases despite the availability of licensed vaccines such as Cervarix™ and GARDASIL®. In addition, cervical cancer incidenc…
Severe pneumonia-associated lung injury is a major cause of acute respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and death in critically ill patients. Its course is shaped within the critically ill host environment by pulmonary infect…
Probiotics are widely recognized for their ability to promote gut health, modulate immunity, and reduce oxidative stress. As an emerging probiotic within the genus Weissella, Weissella koreensis (WK) exhibits promising immunomodulatory potential. Recen…
Therapeutic circular RNAs (circRNAs) are progressing from preclinical development to clinical evaluation, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) may become a future indication for circRNA-based immunotherapy, potentially including first-line use…
Dupilumab blocks interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 signaling and is effective for type 2 inflammatory diseases, including atopic dermatitis and prurigo nodularis. Paradoxical psoriasiform eruptions and, less commonly, new-onset or worsening vitiligo have be…
Background and objectivesAccurate prognostic assessment of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) remains a major clinical challenge. Existing models, such as the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD), rely solely on clinical indicators and do not in…
BackgroundPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental toxicants, yet the toxicological mechanisms by which they induce idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remain poorly understood. This study aims to systematically elucidate th…
IntroductionThe optimal frontline treatment option for Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) has not been completely defined.MethodsTo compare the efficacy and safety of brentuximab vedotin (BV) combined with CHP-like regimen (cyclophosphamide, an anthra…
Scientific problemStudying the acute, cell-intrinsic functions of signaling proteins in T cells has long been challenging. Existing constitutive or inducible gene deletion cannot overcome developmental adaptation that obscures true phenotypes. Similarl…
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has transformed the treatment landscape of hematological malignancies; however, its broader clinical implementation remains constrained by the complexity, cost, and variability of current manufacturing wor…
BackgroundAdvanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has an extremely poor prognosis, and current therapies offer limited benefits for patients with low programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1) expression. This study innovatively proposes a “novel chem…
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by dysregulated immune responses, impaired epithelial barrier function, and …
BackgroundLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare pediatric disease with marked clinical heterogeneity. Current risk stratification relies on the extent of organ involvement and risk-organ status, yet reliable protein biomarkers for distinguishin…
IntroductionInflammation is implicated in Parkinson disease (PD), but the prognostic value of circulating cytokines beyond clinical information remains incompletely defined.MethodsWe studied cytokines measured in polymer-precipitated plasma extracellul…
ObjectiveReliable biomarkers for early interstitial lung disease (ILD) risk stratification are limited; therefore, we aimed to identify prediagnostic proteins associated with incident ILD and develop a long-term prediction model.MethodsWe analyzed 52,7…
Macrophageexhibit remarkable functional plasticity and adopt M1-like pro-inflammatory or M2-like anti-inflammatory/pro-resolving states in response to microenvironmental stimuli. Notably, this binary functional classification originates largely from in…
IntroductionType 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by progressive pancreatic β-cell destruction, yet molecular features distinguishing it from other autoimmune conditions in early life remain poorly defined. We previously identifi…
BackgroundAntigen-specific regulatory T-cell therapies seek to control donor-reactive immunity while preserving broader immune protection. The available platforms differ substantially in cellular composition, mode of antigen recognition, manufacturing …
BackgroundLong-term monitoring of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) persistence is essential for assessing therapeutic efficacy, particularly when circulating CAR-T cell levels decline following infusion. Although quantitative real-time PCR (qPC…
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), long recognized as effectors of innate host defense, are now firmly implicated in remodeling the tumor microenvironment and facilitating tumor progression. Tumor-associated NETs expose proteases, damage-associated…
IntroductionThe envelope (Env) glycoproteins derived from circulating viruses in elite-neutralizers (ENs), who naturally develop potent broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) responses, serve as a potential template for HIV-1 vaccine design. Here, we inv…
Colorectal anastomotic leakage is commonly framed as a technical complication or a consequence of intestinal dysbiosis. Neither view fully explains how a contaminated mucosal wound restores epithelial continuity while preserving a load-bearing submucos…
BackgroundBladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) exhibits high recurrence and poor prognosis, with limited efficacy of current immunotherapies. The role of the aggrephagy-related gene TUBA1A in the BUC immune microenvironment remains unclear.MethodsSingle-…
BackgroundGastrointestinal (GI) bleeding represents a severe complication of IgA vasculitis (IgAV). Most current analyses of risk factors aggregate patients across all ages, potentially obscuring critical age-specific differences. This study aimed to d…
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have made significant progress in fields such as neurorehabilitation, motor reconstruction, and alternative communication by capturing, decoding, and providing feedback on brain activity. In contrast, the application of…
BackgroundBrucellosis can resemble lymphoma when lymphadenopathy accompanies cytopenias and systemic inflammation. Associated secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) adds to the diagnostic difficulty.Case presentationA 68-year-old man prese…
ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze clinical and immunological characteristics in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) according to bone loss status, integrate traditional risk factors with immune-inflammatory indicators, and construct and validate…
Intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy have transformed acute ischemic stroke (AIS) care, yet angiographic recanalization does not guarantee adequate tissue reperfusion or long-term functional independence. Brain cytoprotection has theref…
J Immunol. 2026 Oct 1;215(10):vkag272. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag272. ABSTRACT Major histocompatibility complex class Ia (MHC-Ia)-restricted CD8⁺ T cell responses play a central role in the host defense against HIV-1, with certain MHC-Ia alleles known to be associated with cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses having an increased potential for viral control. However, the impact of immune aging on … Read more
BackgroundPrimary non-response (PNR) to infliximab (IFX) remains a major therapeutic challenge in ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this treatment failure remains unelucidated. Therefore, there is an urgent need to i…
Melanoma cells respond to therapy not only through selection of pre-existing resistant clones, but also by rapidly engaging reversible adaptive programs that preserve viability under treatment. These programs connect signaling rewiring, metabolic plast…
BackgroundPsoriatic arthritis (PsA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may present with overlapping hand and wrist symptoms, while their anatomical patterns of inflammation differ.ObjectiveTo compare prespecified hand and wrist magnetic resonance imaging (M…
Whether cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS)–stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling should be inhibited in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) cannot be answered from pathway abundance alone. Canonical ER–Golgi–TBK1–IRF3/NF-κB signaling can amplify in…
IntroductionPresent therapies for ulcerative colitis (UC) frequently encounter challenges due to medication resistance and side effects, underscoring the necessity to discover secure and efficacious therapeutic targets. Clarithromycin (CLA), a macrolid…
Glioma, particularly glioblastoma, remains difficult to treat because of limited drug penetration across the blood–brain barrier, profound immune suppression, and insufficient intracranial exposure of systemic immunotherapies. Intranasal nano-immunothe…
BackgroundDysregulated buildup of extracellular matrix constitutes a hallmark of hepatic fibrosis, loss of liver architectural integrity, and impaired hepatic functional capacity. Pro-fibrogenic M2-polarized macrophages promote the transdifferentiation…
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis (ICIM) is a rare yet potentially lethal complication of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, which severely impacts patient prognosis and therapeutic efficacy. With the widespread application of imm…
Background and objectiveChronic inflammation in persons with (PWH) and without HIV (PWoH) is linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD). The fat attenuation index (FAI), a marker of peri-coronary inflammation, predicts CVD risk. The relationship between FA…
Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is best understood as a syndrome of intestinal necrosis arising in a developmentally susceptible host, with overlapping inflammatory, ischemic, infectious, cardiac-related, and transfusion-associated triggers. N…
