Background
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are spatially organized immune niches associated with therapeutic response and favorable outcomes in breast cancer (BC). However, TLS assessment currently relies on invasive tissue-based analyses, and the …
Background
A substantial amount of research has been dedicated to the mechanisms by which tumor cells evade immune system recognition and manipulate the immune microenvironment to facilitate immune escape. Recent studies have shown that viruses and tu…
Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have limited efficacy in proficient mismatch repair/microsatellite stable (pMMR/MSS) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, selected patients with specific metastatic patterns may derive benefit.
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Background
Metabolic reprogramming within the tumor microenvironment is a pivotal barrier to effective immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). While programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is well characterized as a ligand inhibiting T-cell function, its intrinsi…
Background
Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has radically improved outcomes for patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Intrinsic and acquired resistance, however, remains an importa…
Background
The tumor microenvironment, particularly the tumor stroma, plays a critical role in tumor progression, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance. However, its interaction with the immune landscape in rectal cancer (RC) remains incompletely…
Background
Circulating tumor antigens (ctA; tumor markers) are blood-based proteins that can offer prognostic value in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and may serve as potential early surrogates for survival. Given the significantly reduced testing…
Background
Although chromosome 14q deletion (14q–) is present in up to 40% of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cases, its immunologic and molecular impact remains unclear. Because TRAF3 and NFKBIA, key regulators of nuclear factor kappa-l…
Background
Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (nICT) is increasingly used for resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet a substantial proportion of patients fail to achieve pathological complete response (pCR). Clinically scalable, minimally inva…
Background
CD161+CD8+ T cells, a cytotoxic T cell subset, remain poorly defined in terms of their clinical significance and functional role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), which has limited the advancement of precision immunotherapy stra…
