S100A9 and HMGB1 orchestrate MDSC-mediated immunosuppression in melanoma through TLR4 signaling

Background
Immunotherapies for malignant melanoma are challenged by the resistance developed in a significant proportion of patients. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), with their ability to inhibit antitumor T-cell responses, are a major contri…

Regression of renal cell carcinoma by T cell receptor-engineered T cells targeting a human endogenous retrovirus

Background
We discovered a novel human endogenous retrovirus (CT-RCC HERV-E) that was selectively expressed in most clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC) and served as a source of antigens for T cell-mediated killing. Here, we described the cloning…

Endosialin-positive CAFs promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression by suppressing CD8+ T cell infiltration

Background and aims
Endosialin, also known as tumor endothelial marker1 or CD248, is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is mainly expressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our previous study has found that end…

MHC class I and II-deficient humanized mice are suitable tools to test the long-term antitumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors and T-cell engagers

Background
Immunodeficient mice engrafted with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are models to study new cancer immunotherapy agents. However, this approach is associated with xenograft-versus-host disease (xGVHD), which starts early after PB…

Intratumoral CXCL13+ CD160+ CD8+ T cells promote the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy in advanced gastric cancer

Background
Stage IV gastric cancer is a highly heterogeneous and lethal tumor with few therapeutic strategies. The combination of programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitors and chemotherapy is currently the standard frontline treatment regimen for adv…

Angiotensin receptor blocker attacks armored and cold tumors and boosts immune checkpoint blockade

Background
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has made remarkable achievements, but newly identified armored and cold tumors cannot respond to ICB therapy. The high prevalence of concomitant medications has huge impact on immunotherapeutic responses, bu…

Durability of response to immune checkpoint blockade following treatment discontinuation and efficacy of rechallenge in advanced Merkel cell carcinoma

Background
Advanced Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) has a high response rate to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, but the durability of responses once treatment is discontinued remains unclear. We therefore reviewed the long-term outcomes of advan…

Immune isolation-enabled nanoencapsulation of donor T cells: a promising strategy for mitigating GVHD and treating AML in preclinical models

Background
In allogeneic-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), donor T cells combat leukemia through the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect, while they also pose a risk of triggering life-threatening graft-versus-ho…

scRNA+ TCR-seq revealed dual TCR T cells antitumor response in the TME of NSCLC

The intricate origins, subsets, and characteristics of TCR (T Cell Receptor) s, along with the mechanisms underpinning the antitumor response of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes within the tumor microenvironment (TME) remain enigmatic. Recently, the a…

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