IL4R{alpha} blockade inhibits proliferation of malignant lymphocytes and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of mycosis fungoides

Background
Limited therapeutic options are available for patients with advanced-stage mycosis fungoides (MF), and the 5-year survival rate is 25%. Due to its critical role in MF pathogenesis, the IL4/IL13 pathway presents a promising target for treatm…

Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy after tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in unresectable melanoma

Purpose
Treatment strategies for patients with advanced melanoma resistant to adoptive cell therapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) remain undefined. The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) after TIL has not been previously desc…

COVID-19 mRNA vaccination and immune-related adverse events in patients with cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors: a target trial emulation study

Background
COVID-19 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines enhance immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy through type I interferon responses, but may theoretically increase the burden of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). This study aimed to determine…

Targeting non-canonical antigens unlocks functional T-cell responses in renal cell carcinoma

Background
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) frequently exhibits favorable responses to immunotherapy, despite a low tumor mutational burden, suggesting a critical role for non-mutational antigens presented by human leukocyte antigen class I in activating CD…

Spatial immune atlas of breast cancer brain metastasis reveals CD163+ macrophage reprogramming associated with immune escape

Background
Brain metastases (BrM) remain a major cause of mortality in breast cancer (BC), yet the spatial organization and molecular circuitry of the metastatic immune microenvironment are poorly defined.

Methods
To address this gap, we integrated h…

Immune checkpoint inhibitor neurotoxicity: long-term outcomes with focus on 1-year neurological sequelae

Background
Data on the long-term course of neurological immune-related adverse events (n-irAEs) are limited by the size of studies as well as short and heterogeneous follow-up durations. Herein, we assessed the risk and predictors of 1-year neurologic…

Artificial intelligence-guided analysis of the tumor microenvironment predicts response to pembrolizumab in rare tumors

Background
Pathologic tumor response and changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) predict outcomes to immune checkpoint inhibitors, but are understudied in rare tumors. We investigated whether artificial intelligence (AI)-powered analyses of pretre…

Blood-based kinase activity profiling to predict response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced stage NSCLC: the prospective IOpener study

Background
The programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score (TPS) is used as a biomarker to predict benefit from immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, additional biomarkers are neede…

VEGF-A blockade overcomes liver metastases resistance to chemoimmunotherapy in patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC

Purpose
Liver metastases (LMs) confer resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (ns-NSCLC), likely through an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). We hypothesized that vascular endothelial …

Immunoglobulin GM ({gamma} marker) allotypes expressed on IgG1 as potential genetic markers of response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy

The results of a recent comprehensive investigation—confirmed in multiple cohorts—show that patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, who favorably responded to anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy, were enriched in IgG1-produ…

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