Pre-existing systemic immune state and dynamic myeloid remodeling shape response to neoadjuvant PD-L1 blockade

Background
Neoadjuvant immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. However, the systemic immune mechanisms underlying treatment response remain insufficiently defined. This study evaluated…

AdvanTIG-301: a phase III study of ociperlimab plus tislelizumab and concurrent chemoradiotherapy in stage III unresectable non-small cell lung cancer

Background
Patients with unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have an unmet need for new therapies that improve survival. This phase III trial investigated the safety and efficacy of concurrent ociperlimab and tislelizumab plus co…

LARS2 reprograms mitochondrial metabolism and epigenetically upregulates MHC-I to boost antitumor immunity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Background
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is considered a typical “hot” tumor, yet its immune evasion mechanisms remain poorly defined, and immunotherapy efficacy is suboptimal. Attenuation of intrinsic tumor cell immunogenicity to evade T cell recogn…

T-cell receptor repertoires against HLA class I-restricted minor histocompatibility antigens are highly diverse with a small subset of public clonotypes

Background
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) can be a curative treatment for hematological diseases. After HLA-matched alloHSCT, donor T cells may recognize minor histocompatibility antigens (MiHAs), which are polymorphic H…

Immune-cytokine signature predicts survival in patients with advanced melanoma treated with oncolytic adenovirus TILT-123 and chemotherapy and IL-2-free adoptive TIL therapy

Background
Metastatic melanoma resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors remains difficult to treat, and while adoptive tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy has shown durable responses, its reliance on lymphodepleting chemotherapy and high-dose…

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase modulates immune response to checkpoint inhibition in mismatch repair deficient/microsatellite instability-high colorectal cancer

Background
Treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has radically improved outcomes for patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Intrinsic and acquired resistance, however, remains an importa…

AARS1-mediated lactylation reprograms macrophage lipid metabolism to restrict antitumor immunity

Background
Tumor-derived lactate has long been regarded as a metabolic waste product. However, accumulating evidence indicates that lactate also functions as a signaling molecule that actively remodels the tumor immune microenvironment. How lactate-dr…

DNA hypomethylation identifying clinical benefit subgroup of small-cell lung cancer: multi-omics analysis of a phase II trial with durvalumab plus olaparib as maintenance therapy

Background
Long-term survival of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) remains rare, with most patients experiencing disease progression during maintenance therapy. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have the potential to confer…

T cells are critical for pre-metastatic niche formation through the STAT3/IL-17 axis

Background
Pre-metastatic niches composed of mainly myeloid cells are recognized as critical for tumor metastasis. However, whether adaptive immune cells also play an important role in pre-metastatic niche formation remains to be explored.

Methods
CD…

Turning off methylglyoxal stress: an alternative approach to inhibit MDSC expansion and metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer

Background
Metabolic reprogramming through enhanced glycolysis is a hallmark of cancer that supports tumor progression and promotes protumor immune responses. Methylglyoxal (MG), a reactive by-product of glycolysis, has recently emerged as an oncometa…

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