IL-18 derived from microwave-ablated osteosarcoma facilitates antitumor response

Background
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents, while no further improvement in survival has been achieved in the past few decades. Microwave ablation (MWA) is an emerging thermal therapy to a…

Circumventing Ewing sarcoma tumor microenvironment resistance by IL1RAP CAR-modified TGF{beta}1-imprinted natural killer cells in combination with IL-15 agonist and anti-GD2 antibody

Background
The prognosis of patients with metastatic/relapsed/refractory Ewing sarcoma (ES) is dismal. Natural killer (NK) cells are highly cytotoxic to ES but limited by resistance within the ES tumor microenvironment (TME). Here we sought to overcom…

Emergence of a mixed CAF population by FAP-CD3 T-cell engager limits therapeutic efficacy

Background
Fibroblast activating protein (FAP) expressing fibroblasts are an attractive target for cancer therapeutic depletion and while preclinical depletion shows success, previous modalities have had unsuccessful clinical impact. Here, we wanted t…

Systemic immune profiling in hepatocellular carcinoma: navigating etiological heterogeneity and selection bias

This correspondence provides a methodological commentary on the recent study by Nishio et al, which used single-cell RNA sequencing (CITE-seq) to identify circulating immune biomarkers for combination immunotherapies in advanced hepatocellular carcino…

PARP inhibition combined with a T-cell receptor {beta} chain-directed antibody fusion molecule drives polyclonal antitumor immunity and tumor regression

Background
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains an aggressive disease with limited response to systemic therapies despite androgen deprivation. Immune-excluded prostate tumors are typically resistant to immunotherapy. STAR06…

Long-term follow-up from the OMNIVORE trial: response-adaptive nivolumab and ipilimumab in advanced renal cell carcinoma

Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-based combinations represent the standard of care for advanced renal cell carcinoma. The OMNIVORE trial investigated a response-adaptive strategy, including treatment discontinuation in early nivolumab responders…

ENPP3 CAR T cells combined with CD206 modulation suppress adrenocortical carcinoma

Background
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis and limited curative treatment options. While chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have shown some promise in solid tumors, ACC remains largely unexpl…

Metabolic inhibition of glutamate-cysteine ligase increases dendritic cell-mediated antitumor immunity in melanoma

Background
Metabolic competition and nutrient restriction in the tumor microenvironment (TME) shape the immune infiltrate in tumors and subsequently tumor immunity. In this study we used the transgenic melanoma mouse model tg(Grm1)EPv, which spontaneo…

DEA hypothesis: disinhibition, enhancing recognition, and alerting the host are the three pillars of effective cancer immunotherapy

Why are clonal neoantigens paradoxically rare in established tumors? Why does tumor-associated antigen (TAA) burden inversely correlate with T-cell infiltration? Why do damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP)/danger signal-inducing interventions (m…

Chemotherapeutic induction of cytosolic single-stranded DNA accumulation sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer to immunotherapy

Background
Despite the widespread adoption of chemoimmunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the mechanisms by which cytotoxic chemotherapy engages antitumor immunity remain poorly defined. Identifying tumor-intrinsic immunogenic programs…

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