Trends in Immunology

Trends Immunol. 2026 Aug 27:S1471-4906(26)00226-7. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2026.08.010. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Most individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis never develop active disease, yet the airway immune events determining outcome remain poorly understood. Branchett and colleagues prospectively profiled bronchoalveolar lavage from recent tuberculosis contacts, revealing that progression reflects a dynamic competition between opposing local immune states … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2026 Aug 19:S1471-4906(26)00215-2. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2026.08.002. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The underlying mechanism of tumor microenvironment-induced dysfunction of conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1) remains unclear. Zhang et al. identify transforming growth factor β-driven coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) as an epigenetic inhibitor of cDC1 cross-presentation. CARM1 is a cell-intrinsic brake, and its … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2026 Aug 19:S1471-4906(26)00191-2. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2026.07.012. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Cytokines are key messenger molecules that bridge the nervous and immune systems through a bidirectional signalling network. Beyond their roles in development and homeostasis, neuronal cytokine sensing allows the central nervous system (CNS) to detect early immune perturbations, such as those triggered by … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2026 Aug 19:S1471-4906(26)00193-6. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2026.07.014. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Maternal milk antibodies are garnering increasing interest. While IgA dominates the milk antibody literature, IgG is emerging as a critical source of protection for the hyporesponsive neonate against life-threatening infections and as an important factor in instructing developing immunity. In this forum article, … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2026 Aug 18:S1471-4906(26)00214-0. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2026.08.001. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Exercise reshapes host physiology and immunity, yet the mechanisms linking physical activity to disease protection remain incompletely defined. Emerging evidence indicates that exercise remodels the gut microbiome, producing compositional and metabolic adaptations that can regulate immune function. In this Review, we discuss how … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2026 Aug 18:S1471-4906(26)00192-4. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2026.07.013. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Mitochondrial complex II, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), links the tricarboxylic acid cycle to the electron transport chain by oxidizing succinate to fumarate and reducing ubiquinone. This unusual position gives Complex II control over bioenergetics, redox state, succinate signaling, and chromatin regulation. In immune cells, … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2026 Aug 18:S1471-4906(26)00190-0. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2026.07.011. Online ahead of print. NO ABSTRACT PMID:42608258 | DOI:10.1016/j.it.2026.07.011

Trends Immunol. 2026 Aug 14:S1471-4906(26)00188-2. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2026.07.009. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT A recent report by Fan et al. identifies trans-vaccenic acid, a maternal diet-derived lipid transferred through breast milk, as a key regulator of neonatal T-cell development. Beyond identifying a single bioactive metabolite, this study positions breast milk as a source of developmental signals … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2026 Aug 13:S1471-4906(26)00186-9. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2026.07.007. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Natural killer (NK) cells are effectors of innate antitumor immunity, yet their therapeutic potential in solid tumors remains largely unrealized. Breast cancer exemplifies this paradox: NK cells are present in circulation and detectable within tumors, but their cytotoxic activity is limited. Recent advances … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2026 Aug 7:S1471-4906(26)00185-7. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2026.07.006. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Immune surveillance of the central nervous system (CNS) is regulated by the brain barriers. Antigen presentation at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been proposed to promote antigen-specific T-cell entry into the CNS, largely based on in vitro studies. Recent in vivo and transcriptomic … Read more