BackgroundAntigen-specific regulatory T-cell therapies seek to control donor-reactive immunity while preserving broader immune protection. The available platforms differ substantially in cellular composition, mode of antigen recognition, manufacturing …
Despite recent advances in the field, Chimeric Antigen Receptor T (CAR-T) cell toxicities remain a significant burden throughout both the early and late post-infusion periods, affecting patient outcomes and complicating clinical management. Several ris…
Osteosarcoma (OS) has shown limited sensitivity to single-agent immune checkpoint blockade. The distribution of immune cells within bone tumors and pulmonary metastases suggests that defective tumor-cell recognition, restricted tissue access and local …
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonists are intended to convert cytosolic DNA sensing into productive antitumor immunity, yet their biological effects vary substantially among tumors. Outcomes depend on the cellular compartment engaged, the amp…
The tumor microenvironment (TME) represents a complex, dynamic, and heterogeneous system in which stromal and immune elements interact to influence tumor development and mechanisms of immune escape. Within the stromal compartment, cancer-associated fib…
Aging is the major biological risk factor for cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disease. Increasing evidence indicates that neuroinflammation and cerebrovascular dysfunction are not independent consequences of aging but interact through the neuro…
Synovial inflammation and fibrosis often coexist in osteoarthritis, but a transition from one to the other has not been established. This Mini Review examines macrophage-fibroblast interactions in the surface lining, perivascular regions, and collagen-…
Radiation-induced oral mucositis (RIOM) has traditionally been viewed as a cytotoxic injury to rapidly proliferating epithelial cells caused by radiotherapy. Recent studies have revealed that RIOM is fundamentally a pivotal radiotherapy-triggered, dama…
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is sustained not only by lipid overload and hepatocellular injury but also by maladaptive responses to persistent metabolic stress. Cellular senescence has emerged as a candidate mechanis…
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by immune dysregulation and multiorgan inflammation. T-cell metabolic reprogramming has recently emerged as an active area of investigation in the pathogenesis of SLE. Thi…
