Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by persistent joint inflammation and progressive bone destruction. In recent years, mitophagy—a selective form of autophagy—has garnered increasing attention…
Glaucoma is the leading global cause of irreversible blindness, with its pathogenesis extending far beyond elevated intraocular pressure. Dysregulation of the intraocular immune system plays a central role in the progressive death of retinal ganglion c…
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent synovial inflammation, synovial hyperplasia, cartilage destruction, and bone erosion. Within the multicellular RA synovial network, macrophages act as important infla…
Interactions between the intestinal microbiota, epithelial barrier and mucosal immune system have prompted investigation of gut-directed interventions in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This review examines whether modifying these interactions can improve c…
Alopecia is a multifactorial disorder characterized by progressive hair loss, follicular dysfunction, and, in some cases, immune-mediated damage, significantly affecting patient quality of life. Although conventional therapies such as topical minoxidil…
Alopecia is a multifactorial disorder characterized by progressive hair loss, follicular dysfunction, and, in some cases, immune-mediated damage, significantly affecting patient quality of life. Although conventional therapies such as topical minoxidil…
Immune-checkpoint blockade has changed cancer therapy, yet durable responses remain limited by immune exclusion, myeloid suppression and metabolic adaptation within the tumor immune microenvironment. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of lipid-peroxid…
RNA methylation serves as an essential post-transcriptional epigenetic modification for gene expression regulation. The methyltransferase-like (METTL) family is characterized by conserved methyltransferase domains. These members can recognize multiple …
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health challenge, with treatment complicated by drug resistance, adverse effects, and suboptimal host immune responses. Whilst conventional anti-TB drugs are effective bactericidally, their immunomodulato…
Mitophagy and pyroptosis are central regulators of cell fate and inflammation, and they form a complex bidirectional network across many diseases. Mitophagy suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation by removing damaged mitochondria and thereby reducing …
