Cough-variant asthma (CVA) is characterized by chronic dry cough as its predominant manifestation, lacking the wheezing typical of classic asthma. Violent paroxysmal coughing generates distinct mechanical loads across different airway segments: the lar…
Chronic inflammation contributes to the onset and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), yet a model centered solely on soluble cytokines does not fully explain the cellular origin, spatially directed delivery, or sustained amplification of loca…
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has become a biomarker-driven disease, yet durable control remains limited by therapeutic resistance, metabolic heterogeneity, and incomplete predictors of response. Cuproptosis, a copper-dependent form of regulated c…
Most institutions adhere to the recommendations of the International Consensus on Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) Patterns (ICAP) for the nomenclature of ANA patterns and the standardization of laboratory reports. Some ANA patterns are frequently encountere…
Osteoarthritis (OA) has traditionally been regarded as a degenerative joint disorder characterized primarily by cartilage erosion. However, growing evidence suggests that OA is a disorder of maladaptive whole-joint remodeling in which fibrotic remodeli…
Sepsis is accompanied by extensive expansion and remodeling of the myeloid compartment, yet a dysfunctional circulating phenotype does not by itself reveal where that dysfunction arose. Immature markers, low-density fractions, HLA-DR-low phenotypes, tr…
The gut microbiota and broader gut microenvironment, comprising microbiota-derived metabolites and host–microbial interactions, have emerged as potentially modifiable factors associated with host immune regulation and have been implicated in altered dr…
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disease driven by a combination of genetic predisposition, epidermal barrier dysfunction, immune dysregulation, aberrant neuroinflammatory signaling, and environmental factors. Genetic de…
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have transformed the treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), yet durable responses remain limited to a minority of patients. Tumor plasticity is increasingly recognized as a det…
Autophagy is increasingly recognized as a central immunological process whose roles extend far beyond intracellular recycling. By coordinating lysosomal degradation, organelle quality control, selective antimicrobial clearance, and inflammatory signal …
