While our immune systems typically do a great job containing pathogens and clearing infections, they can occasionally overreact. When the immune response to infection becomes excessive, it causes rapid, widespread organ damage in a life-threatening con…
Researchers at the University of Missouri School of Medicine have recently found that a certain protein may have a large influence on how the immune system functions.
As our hair goes gray and our muscles weaken with age, our immune system also changes. In particular, the stem cells that become blood or immune cells can develop mutations, potentially leading to cancers or other dysfunctions.
In cancer patients, the health of the thymus—a key part of the body’s immune system—is associated with the outcomes these patients experience after immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment, according to an international study reported at ESMO 2025.
Researchers from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center have discovered a previously unknown mechanism that explains how bacteria can drive treatment resistance in patients with oral and colorectal cancer. The study was published today in Ca…
Results of a study led by researchers at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center are shedding light on why some newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients survive longer than others after receiving standard treatment in conjunction with the therapeutic bra…
Could a future vaccine against cancer be made better by an immune-boosting virus? Very likely, say Canadian scientists, who’ve proven its effectiveness in experiments on mice.
Scientists have found a way to transform hard-to-treat tumors into targets for the immune system. Using two protein stimulators, they activated strong T-cell and B-cell responses and built immune structures inside tumors that improved survival and prev…
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors used to treat type 2 diabetes are associated with an 11% lower risk of autoimmune rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, compared with another group of diabetes drugs called sulfon…
An experimental gene therapy developed by researchers at UCLA, University College London and Great Ormond Street Hospital has restored and maintained immune system function in 59 of 62 children born with ADA-SCID, a rare and deadly genetic immune disor…
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are well known as a form of cancer treatment. Researchers at UZH have now identified a new, important function of these inhibitors: promotion of tissue healing. This finding could help advance the treatment of fibrosis and …
Multiple sclerosis, which affects around one in 500 people in Switzerland, is an autoimmune disease in which immune cells attack the central nervous system, causing irreversible damage. Current treatments involve blocking the immune system to prevent i…
J Immunol. 2025 Oct 16:vkaf281. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf281. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT DDX3 and other DEAD-box RNA helicases regulate nuclear export, translation, splicing, and metabolism of RNA. Perturbation of Ddx3x on the mouse X-chromosome in all hematopoietic cells resulted in a loss of natural killer (NK) cells, yet whether DDX3X is important only in progenitors … Read more
J Immunol. 2025 Oct 16:vkaf278. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf278. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) is a stress-responsive regulator of protein synthesis implicated in melanoma progression, but its role in tumor immune evasion remains poorly defined. We investigated how eEF2K influences programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression through modulation of Cyclin D1. … Read more
IntroductionEgyptian rousette bats (ERBs) are the only known natural reservoir of Marburg virus (MARV), etiologic agent of a highly-pathogenic zoonotic viral hemorrhagic fever. Evolutionary adaptations in ERBs allow for fine-tuned discrete pro-inflamma…
BackgroundThe immune microenvironment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is highly complex, and the mechanisms underlying interactions between natural killer (NK) cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) remain unclear. This study in…
Cancer remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Despite decades of continuous research, limitations persist in existing therapeutic approaches. Conventional strategies such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, though advanced, face challeng…
IntroductionSkin protects the body from external threats by constituting an epithelial–immune microenvironment. Sulfotransferase family 2B member 1 (SULT2B1) converts cholesterol to cholesterol sulfate (CS). We previously reported that CS acts as an en…
ObjectiveTo identify biomarkers and endotypes predictive of treatment response, monitor disease activity, and explore pathways associated with the clinical efficacy of leflunomide and hydroxychloroquine combination therapy (LEF/HCQ) in patients with pr…
Cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with rising incidence and death rates continuing to rise. While conventional treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy form the backbone of cancer care, they are often limited by a…
BackgroundOsteoarthritis, a common degenerative osteochondral disease, has a close relationship between its mechanism of Macrophage polarization. However, there are relatively few relevant studies in this field, and a more mature research system has no…
ObjectivesThis meta-analysis evaluated the direction and strength of associations between air pollution, emerging chemical pollutants, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) incidence, clarifying distinct relationships by pollutant type.MethodBy utiliz…
ObjectLiver fibrosis is a key stage in chronic liver disease, but targeted treatments are scarce. Pien Tze Huang (PZH), a traditional Chinese medicine, shows anti-fibrotic potential, though its mechanisms are not fully understood.MethodA liver fibrosis…
BackgroundBladder cancer is a significant malignancy, for which prognostic prediction and understanding of the tumor immune microenvironment are crucial. B cells play a key regulatory role in this environment, making their study essential for advancing…
The gut microbiome critically regulates antitumor immunity through its metabolic byproducts, which serve as pivotal mediators of host-microbe crosstalk in tumor immunotherapy. This review synthesizes cutting-edge evidence on how microbial metabolites—i…
IntroductionImmune cells form defined pro- and anti-inflammatory regions around a pathogen during an innate immune response. These include, in Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2-induced inflammation, a core region containing the pathogen, an adjacent pro-infla…
Psoriasis vulgaris (PV) is a common, T cell mediated dermatosis with substantial systemic footprint. While αβ T cells are well established drivers of PV, the role of γδ T cells, including their abundance, clonal architecture and transcriptional program…
Viral diseases remain a major barrier to the sustainable production of farmed fish, primarily attributable to the absence of effective prevention and treatment options. Understanding host-pathogen interactions can guide the development of vaccines, ant…
With the rapid advancement of nanotechnology, the application of nanomedicine has become increasingly widespread, demonstrating remarkable potential for highly precise targeting and efficacious drug delivery. Compared to conventional drug delivery appr…
Antibody-negative combined central and peripheral demyelination (CCPD) is a rare neuroimmunological disorder with heterogeneous manifestations and variable treatment response. We report a case of a 40-year-old man who developed acute hypercapnic respir…
Advanced endometrial cancer (EC) poses significant therapeutic challenges due to molecular heterogeneity and immune evasion. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) show promise, particularly in mismatch repair-deficient (MMRd) and POLE-mutated subtypes, b…
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains a lethal epithelial malignancy. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors have entered management for recurrent/metastatic disease; yet durable benefit is confined to a subset, reflecting TGF-β–conditioned stromal barriers an…
Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 16 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41577-025-01226-6As more spaceflight missions plan to take humans back to the moon — and beyond — a key goal is to understand how spaceflight affects the immune…
Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Oct 14;97:102678. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102678. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Neurotropic viruses represent a public health challenge due to their ability to cause severe neurological conditions, including meningitis, encephalitis, and paralysis. Although many studies have investigated the immune responses to viral infections in the brain and other nervous system targets, most have … Read more
J Clin Immunol. 2025 Oct 16;45(1):143. doi: 10.1007/s10875-025-01949-0. ABSTRACT Hypogammaglobulinemia (HG) predisposes patients to gastrointestinal Campylobacter infections. This prospective study determined the prevalence of Campylobacter in stool samples from patients with immunoglobulin (Ig)-substituted HG at Bordeaux University Hospital. 73 patients (42 women, median age: 61) receiving Ig substitution therapy were enrolled from July 2022 to … Read more
J Clin Immunol. 2025 Oct 16;45(1):144. doi: 10.1007/s10875-025-01936-5. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Primary immunodeficiency disease (PID)/Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) with T-cell dysfunction is well-known for susceptibility to opportunistic/viral infections. Epstein-Barr virus-positive smooth muscle tumor (EBV-SMT) is a rare entity primarily seen in the setting of immunodeficiency, such as transplantation, HIV/AIDS, and IEI. AIM: This study aimed … Read more
J Immunol. 2025 Oct 14:vkaf225. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf225. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Impaired phagocytosis of macrophages was observed in the salivary glands (SGs) of Sjogren’s syndrome (SS). This study aims to investigate the dynamic changes of extracellular high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) within these tissue microenvironments and its roles in macrophage function and subsequent … Read more
J Immunol. 2025 Oct 15:vkaf158. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf158. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Pinctada fucata martensii is an economically important mollusk in aquaculture, known for marine pearl production. The inflammatory response during the transplantation process was a key factor affecting pearl yield. Our previous studies have revealed the critical role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) from … Read more
J Leukoc Biol. 2025 Oct 14:qiaf144. doi: 10.1093/jleuko/qiaf144. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Metabolic remodeling is involved in multiple diseases, including tumors, acute and chronic inflammations, but our understanding of the molecular pathways remains limited. Neutrophils, as pivotal effector cells of the innate immune system, exhibit significant functional heterogeneity influenced by the hypoxic microenvironment, a … Read more
IntroductionIn recent years, advancements in the classification of renal allograft pathology have led to a notable increase in the diagnosis of antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR). Particular attention has been given to microvascular inflammation (MVI),…
BackgroundChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a leading cause of global mortality, characterized by chronic inflammation and abnormal immune responses in the lower airways. Recent studies have highlighted the critical role of immune functio…
Metastasis is the most common cause of cancer patient deaths. It is a complex process strongly influenced by the extracellular matrix (ECM). A mass spectrometry analysis comparing ECM proteins from healthy mouse lungs versus metastatic lungs has previo…
Gouty arthritis (GA), a condition characterized by monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition and NLRP3 inflammasome-driven inflammation, is a result of a complex interplay between hyperuricemia and immune dysregulation, which leads to systemic complica…
Gaucher disease (GD) is one of the most common lysosomal storage disorders. It is caused by bi-allelic mutations in the GBA1 gene responsible for the production of β-glucocerebrosidase, an enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of the sphingolipid gluco…
Background/ObjectivesThe role of antiphospholipid (aPL) and antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in the progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) remains uncertain. We aimed to determine whether the presence of aPL or ANA predicts CAD progression.MethodsWe …
Age-related accumulation of somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), causing clonal hematopoiesis (CH), often precedes the development of hematologic malignancies. Chronic inflammation and aberrant cytokine expression that …
Type 1 interferons (T1IFNs) are typically expressed in low concentrations under homeostatic conditions, but upon pathogenic insult or perturbation of the pathway, these critical immune signaling molecules can become either protectors from or drivers of…
This article reports a case of SAPHO syndrome misdiagnosed as spinal infection, detailing the clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and imaging features of the patient. Through a review of the literature, common confounding factors and reasons for…
ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the potential role of B cells in the pathogenesis of Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome (pSS) by analyzing cell types, differentially expressed genes, and associated signaling pathways using single-cell RNA sequencing.Me…
IntroductionNeuroinflammation is a key pathological response involved in secondary optic nerve injury following retinal ischemia–reperfusion injury. The expression of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a highly conserved protein, is rapidly indu…
Follicular helper T cells (Tfh) are a Th cell subset that directly assists B cells in functioning, and their development is regulated by various factors. Among them, the initial regulation leads to phenotypic heterogeneity, while the regulation of thei…
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) exhibits profound immune dysregulation, driven in part by the opposing roles of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells. Tregs facilitate tumor progression through immune suppression, angiogenesis, and…
AimWe aimed to describe the clinical and serological characteristics of anti-small ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme (SAE)-positive cases from a multicentric cohort of patients affected with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs).MethodsAnti…
BackgroundCD155, an immune checkpoint molecule interacted with receptors of TIGIT/CD96/CD226 to exhibit co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory modulation on tumor immune microenvironment. Nevertheless, the exploration of collectively prognostic effect of the…
BackgroundGranulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) is a refractory chronic inflammatory breast disease characterized by granuloma formation and recurrent abscesses, yet its molecular pathogenesis remains poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we…
IntroductionNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, and current therapies often yield limited efficacy. This study investigated the antitumor potential and mechanisms of Pterostilbene (PTE), a natural stilbeno…
IntroductionThe coexistence of the MOG antibody (MOG-ab) and NMDAR antibody (NMDAR-ab), which is known as the MOG-ab and NMDAR-ab overlapping syndrome (MNOS), is the most common in overlapping syndromes of neural autoantibodies. The study aimed to anal…
IntroductionChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment of relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), yet challenges such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurotoxicity (ICANS), and variable …
IntroductionIntestinal inflammation is a chronic, relapsing disorder of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by dysregulated immune responses, microbial dysbiosis, and environmental influence. Pathogen clearance is related to the severity of intest…
Lipid-driven inflammation contributes to the development of atherosclerosis, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been proposed to influence macrophage responses to lipid stress. While adoptive Treg transfer has been shown to be safe in clinical studies…
Adoptive T cell transfer has emerged as a pillar of modern cancer immunotherapy. Propelled by viral and non-viral-based technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, genetic engineering offers novel opportunities for both emerging cellular therapies and the impro…
BackgroundsExposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) triggers airway inflammation through the activation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, contributing to the pathogenesis of various acute and chronic res…
Lactylation, a recently discovered post-translational modification (PTM), plays a critical role in cancer biology. Warburg effect induces lactate accumulation, which serves as a metabolic end-product and intercellular signaling mediator within the tumo…
Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Oct 13;97:102679. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102679. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Sarcoidosis is a heterogeneous condition, with some presentations associated with spontaneous remission and favourable outcome without treatment. Other presentations, including small fibre neuropathy, arthropathy and sarcoid-associated fatigue, can cause disabling symptoms that may not respond to disease-modifying therapies and must be managed … Read more
by Zeng, Y., Zhou, Y., Ruan, J., Liu, W., Fan, H., Liu, N., Li, L., Ma, J., Jin, X., Duan, L., Chen, Y., Cheng, G., Yang, H.
Background
Beyond supporting cancer cell proliferation, tumor growth relies on the ability of cancer cells to evade immune surveillance. Identifying novel molecules that promote tumor immune escape may help develop more effective immunotherapeutic str…
by Traxel, S., Schmidt, F., Beerli, C., Vuong, D.-V., Speck, R. F., Bredl, S.
Background
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer that lacks hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) amplification, making it unresponsive to standard hormone or HER2-targeted…
