J Leukoc Biol. 2026 Jun 4:qiag068. doi: 10.1093/jleuko/qiag068. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Glucocorticoids (GCs) are used as anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs in many immune mediated diseases, but their use in sepsis and shock is controversial. This is caused in part by a lack of information regarding the responding cell types and GC-regulated genes in … Read more
Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 04 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01320-3Immunological memory has long been framed through a temporal lens, defined by the persistence and rapid recall responses of antigen-experienced ly…
by Kojundzic, I., Zatzman, C., Belone Lopes, J., Ramay, R., Bayani, J., Spears, M., Jerzak, K. J.
Approximately one-third of patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) develop brain metastases during their lifetime. Notably, up to 90% of TNBC brain metastases express B7-H3, a molecule that contributes to an immunosuppressive mic…
by Jiang, F., Shen, Y., Li, B., Henry, M., Davidson, N., Huang, Y.
Background
CD47 functions as a “don’t eat me” checkpoint, inhibiting macrophage-mediated phagocytosis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). While anti-CD47 therapies can restore immune surveillance, their efficacy in TNBC is often limited by …
J Immunol. 2026 May 14;215(5):vkag069. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag069. ABSTRACT Burkholderia thailandensis (B. thailandensis) is an emerging pathogen. Although it has not yet caused large-scale outbreaks, severe infections can lead to sepsis. Currently, there are no effective treatment strategies available, highlighting the urgent need to develop novel therapies. Progranulin (PGRN) is a multifunctional protein with complex roles … Read more
Cellular & Molecular Immunology, Published online: 04 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41423-026-01438-3Microglia and neuroinflammation: function, heterogeneity, and crosstalk
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a well-documented, complex, and dynamic ecosystem traditionally considered among three major axes: 1) malignant cells, 2) stromal cells, and 3) infiltrating immune cells; all whose interactions have been assumed to s…
BackgroundMicrobiome studies in post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) have focused on the gut, while upstream oral dysbiosis and oral–gut axis signatures remain undercharacterized. We profiled paired oral and gut microbiota in PSCI to assess coordina…
Immune-mediated inflammatory arthritides (IMIA), including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, axial spondyloarthritis, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis, are chronic immune-driven disorders in which long-term malignancy safety has become a key …
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening hyper-inflammatory syndrome most commonly triggered by infection, autoimmune disease, or malignancy. Multiple myeloma (MM)-associated HLH is rare. We report a 70-year-old female who present…
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) accounts for the second highest number of cancer-related mortalities rate worldwide, and its incidence and mortality is expected to continue to increase in the coming years. Over 80% of CRC cases are caused by mutation in the Ad…
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, encompassing esophageal, gastric, colorectal, hepatocellular, and pancreatic cancers, represent a major global health burden with persistently high morbidity and mortality. Given the limited therapeutic options and poor p…
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is one of the most complex and context-dependent cytokines in the immune system. Its signaling pathway regulates differentiation, functions, and microenvironment-specific adaptations of immune cells through Smad-dep…
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed cancer therapy but can induce immune-related myocarditis (ICI-MC), a rare yet life-threatening toxicity. This review elucidates the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying ICI-MC, integrating in…
Dendritic cells (DC) play a central role in host immunity as they carry environmental cues from sites of infection to the lymphatics, where they subsequently direct appropriate adaptive immune responses. Importantly, this process is exploited by pathog…
Neuroendocrine breast cancer (NEBC) is an exceedingly rare malignant tumor, with primary triple-negative NEBC representing an even rarer and more aggressive subtype lacking standardized treatment guidelines. Although pembrolizumab combined with chemoth…
BackgroundResearch on the role of immune dysregulation in multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infections among patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) remains limited, and there is a lack of reliable immunological indicators for early ident…
IntroductionRecombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated delivery of neutralizing antibodies is a promising strategy for rapid and durable prophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2.MethodsWe evaluated the long-term expression, pharmacokinetics, immunogenici…
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) secretes the low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase B (PtpB), which disrupts key host innate immune defenses. This review synthesizes current knowledge regarding PtpB, highlighting its unique structural featu…
Natural killer (NK) cells show day–night variation in both number and effector function. We compile findings from human cohorts, animal models, and cell studies on how circadian timing shapes NK biology. Evidence spans daily changes in counts and reado…
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death driven by phospholipid peroxidation. In the central nervous system (CNS), most ferroptosis research has focused on neurons and glial cells, whereas the vulnerability of brain microvascular e…
BackgroundRecurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) is significantly associated with Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS), yet the shared pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. This study identifies potential hub genes for APS-related RPL, providing insights into its p…
IntroductionAtopic dermatitis (AD), a common chronic inflammatory skin disease, is characterized by type-2-mediated inflammation, along with the detection of type-1 and type-3 cytokines in lesional skin. The skin microbiome of lesional skin is dominate…
The COVID-19 pandemic established mRNA vaccines as a clinically validated platform for rapid vaccine development and deployment. This review summarizes recent progress in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine technology, clinical performance, immunological mechanisms,…
Trained immunity (TI) reveals that innate immune cells acquire long-term functional memory through metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming. This review examines TI in chronic liver diseases and periodontitis, proposing the “Liver-Gut-Immune-Oral Axis” a…
Tumor immunotherapy is often limited by microenvironmental heterogeneity and immune tolerance. The mechanical properties of tumors, such as matrix stiffening and elevated interstitial fluid pressure, sustain immunosuppressive programs and create physic…
The Leptospira-associated acute encephalopathy syndrome (AES) is a severe neurological complication, largely affecting the endemic regions. Unlike other classical neurotropic infections, Leptospira-induced encephalopathy is mainly induced via immune-me…
The global epidemic of diabetes mellitus the limitations of current therapies-including waning efficacy, adverse effects, and inability to modify disease progression-have accelerated the shift from conventional pharmacotherapy toward biologic agents. T…
BackgroundThe formalin-inactivated Coxiella burnetii virulent phase I vaccine (PIV) has been shown to be more protective than the avirulent phase II vaccine (PIIV) against virulent C. burnetii challenge in animal models. However, the cellular and molec…
SAPHO syndrome is a rare autoinflammatory disorder with osteoarticular and cutaneous involvement. Paradoxical skin lesions have been reported during treatment with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors. We describe a 42-year-old man with a 6-year …
Natural killer (NK) cells play a key role in immune defense against tumors and viral infections through a balance of activating and inhibitory receptors. CD99 is a transmembrane glycoprotein involved in many biological processes; however, its role in N…
BackgroundWhile papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) generally exhibits a favorable prognosis, a subset of patients experiences poorer outcomes, with lymph node metastasis (LNM) significantly increasing the risk of recurrence and correlating with a worse …
ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate plasma metabolomic and lipidomic profiles in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to identify potential biomarkers for distinguishing treatment responses.MethodsPlasma samples were collected from 106 RA patients and 10 he…
Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare and complex autoimmune disease primarily affecting cartilage tissue. In particular, RP leads to inflammatory damage of airway cartilage, resulting in severe complications such as airway narrowing and tracheomalac…
Background
High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) of the ovary acquires chemoresistance through diverse cancer cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic mechanisms, culminating in treatment-refractory intraperitoneal metastasis. Previous work suggests that chemot…
Background
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are established determinants of clinical outcomes in breast cancer.1–6 While stromal TILs (sTILs) are commonly evaluated due to easier scoring and higher interobserver reproducibility, intraepithe…
by Deck, A. J., Saliganan, A.-D., Lane, S., Jang, H., Chen, K., Kim, S., Viola, N. T.
Background
The secretion of interferon- (IFN-) by activated immune cells is one of the hallmarks of response to cancer immunotherapy. Hence, detection of this cytokine via imaging can help determine an activated antitumor immune response. We have prev…
Background
Systemic pre-conditioning prior to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell infusion enhances engraftment and increases infiltration and activity of adoptively transferred cells within the tumor. Despite promising responses in some patients, …
Background
Glucose restriction is a hallmark of the tumor microenvironment (TME), yet how tumor cells adapt to this metabolic stress and the impact of metabolic reprogramming on the TME remains incompletely understood.
Methods
A genome-wide CRISPR kn…
A recent study by Grippin et al showed that COVID-19 mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccines can be strategically implemented to fundamentally reshape the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and boost the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) …
Background
While chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have achieved encouraging remission rates in hematological malignancies, they have demonstrated limited success in treating glioblastoma (GBM), particularly due to high intratumoral and intertum…
by Redavid, A. R., Cifaldi, L., Bei, R., De Billy, E., Fruci, D.
Natural killer (NK) cells are critical effectors of antitumor immunity, however their cytotoxic function is frequently impaired within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), the most abundant immune stromal population i…
Background
The immunologically “cold” microenvironment of triple-negative breast cancer presents a major obstacle to treatment, conferring resistance to current immunotherapies. Targeting the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway has emerged …
Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 03 June 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01313-2A growing appreciation of the diversity of glial cells, including astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes, is providing new insights into their…
The immunoglobulin (Ig) domain exon of human NKp30 contains internal splice sites. A unique intraexonic splicing mechanism produces a short Ig domain that lacks 25 residues but maintains the Ig-fold structure and is expressed on the cell surface. Unlike full-length NKp30, the short version (NKp30-S) does not bind the cancer cell ligand B7H6. ABSTRACT The … Read more
Curr Opin Immunol. 2026 Jun 2;101:102790. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2026.102790. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The tumor microenvironment (TME) is composed of diverse heterogeneous components and plays a crucial role in immune cell infiltration, immune evasion, and dynamic interactions between tumor cells and the immune system. A precise understanding of the TME is essential for tissue immunology … Read more
Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Jun 1:100355. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.100355. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are among the largest lymphocyte populations in the body and play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of epithelial barriers at mucosal sites, which are highly immunostimulatory. Therefore, understanding how these cells are generated, localized within the epithelium, and … Read more
IntroductionCervical tuberculous lymphadenitis (CTL) represents a localized manifestation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in which immune responses are organized within lymphoid tissue. While cytotoxic lymphocyte responses contribute to antimyc…
Ovarian cancer is characterized by extensive peritoneal dissemination, frequent recurrence, and chemoresistance. Glycolytic reprogramming has emerged as a central metabolic adaptation in ovarian cancer, but its significance extends beyond increased glu…
