J Immunol. 2026 Apr 15;215(4):vkag019. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag019. ABSTRACT T cell immunity depends on the precise coordination of signaling networks with actin cytoskeleton remodeling, yet the molecular regulators of these processes remain incompletely defined. Flightless-1 (FLII) is a gelsolin-family actin regulator with unique leucine-rich repeats that can couple cytoskeletal dynamics to diverse signaling pathways. Here, using … Read more
J Immunol. 2026 Apr 15;215(4):vkag011. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag011. ABSTRACT At the heart of Lyon, France, two leading institutes, the Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie and the Cancer Research Center of Lyon, have built strong immunology programs since their establishment in the early 2010s. Their collaborative spirit led to the creation of the Immune Responses in … Read more
J Immunol. 2026 Apr 15;215(4):vkag054. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag054. ABSTRACT Memory B cells (MBCs) are an integral part of the humoral immune response with the capacity to both reseed germinal center reactions and rapidly form antibody-secreting plasma cells (ASCs) upon secondary antigen encounter. MBCs arise via both T cell-dependent and -independent routes and while CD4+ T cells … Read more
J Immunol. 2026 Apr 15;215(4):vkag050. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag050. ABSTRACT Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) preserve intestinal barrier integrity by producing IL-22 and IL-17A, yet the molecular mechanisms that maintain these cytokines during inflammation are incompletely defined. Here, we identify DAB2IP as a cell-intrinsic regulator of ILC3 effector function. In human inflammatory bowel disease mucosa, DAB2IP … Read more
J Immunol. 2026 Apr 15;215(4):vkag059. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag059. ABSTRACT Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a heterogeneous group of myeloid neoplasms characterized by treatment difficulties and a propensity to progress to acute myeloid leukemia. Impaired natural killer (NK) cell surveillance is a hallmark of MDS, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate … Read more
J Immunol. 2026 Apr 15;215(4):vkag058. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag058. ABSTRACT Peritoneal cavity (PerC) B cells can be classified into distinct subpopulations; however, their differential antigen-presenting capabilities and roles in antitumor immune responses remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to elucidate the properties of PerC B cell subpopulations in antitumor immune responses by using ovalbumin (OVA) peptides as … Read more
J Immunol. 2026 Apr 15;215(4):vkag038. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag038. ABSTRACT T cells utilize diverse T cell receptors (TCRs) to recognize antigenic peptides and mediate adaptive immunity. However, the organization and function of αβ T cells in early vertebrates remain poorly understood. Here, we systematically characterized the TCRα locus and αβ T cell responses in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis … Read more
J Immunol. 2026 Apr 15;215(4):vkag062. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag062. ABSTRACT CD8+ T-cell differentiation during chronic viral infection is supported by metabolic reprogramming to meet distinct bioenergetic demands. Early effector CD8+ T-cell differentiation and function are supported by the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway, while the differentiation of late exhausted CD8+ T cells remains incompletely understood. We first characterized the metabolic … Read more
J Immunol. 2026 Apr 15;215(4):vkag040. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag040. ABSTRACT TLR20 is a teleost-specific TLR member. However, its species distribution, biological function, and underlying mechanism remain largely unknown. In this study, we systematically retrieved the TLR20 species distribution and found only a few teleosts contain different TLR20 variants, especially in Cyprinidae. Subsequently, we employed an economically important … Read more
Trends Immunol. 2026 Apr 18:S1471-4906(26)00070-0. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2026.03.009. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Natural killer (NK) cells are part of the innate immune system and reside in multiple tissues. During steady-state conditions, they contribute to tissue homeostasis, while in disease settings, tissue-resident (tr) NK cells are positioned at the frontline of immune surveillance. Due to their … Read more
Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 20 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01296-0Monocytes and macrophages adopt modular programmes in response to cancer cells, which can be viewed as an ‘infectious self’ challenge, and cues f…
J Immunol. 2026 Apr 15;215(4):vkag067. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag067. ABSTRACT Negative regulators are crucial for maintaining immune homeostasis, yet the complexities of their regulatory mechanisms are not fully elucidated. In this study, we reveal that IGF2BP2, an m6A reader protein, orchestrates the formation of phase-separated condensates dependent on G3BP1, acting as a pivotal negative regulator of bacterial-induced … Read more
A 66-year-old woman with a 6-month history of new-onset psoriasis after her first dose of COVID-19 vaccination recently progressed to acute erythroderma accompanied by fever and systemic inflammation. She was started on secukinumab for erythrodermic ps…
Lung cancer remains a leading cause of global cancer-related mortality, with most patients diagnosed at advanced stages. The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), specifically targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathways, has revolutionized the…
Approximately 2% of the human genome encodes proteins, while the remaining non-coding regions 19 may play critical roles in human diseases. Among these, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are 20 emerging as key regulators of gene expression through epigene…
IntroductionIntestinal pseudo-obstruction (IPO) is a rare but serious gastrointestinal complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), often mimicking surgical obstruction. It may be reversible with prompt immunosuppressive therapy but is frequentl…
BackgroundSyphilis is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by Treponema pallidum (TP) which could progress to neurosyphilis affecting the nervous system. However, the pathogenesis of neurosyphilis remain unknown. In addition, current diagnosis o…
BackgroundThe global impact of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is compounded by a limited understanding of modifiable risk factors. While caffeine is the most consumed psychoactive substance, its causal relationship with PTB and the underlying immunologic…
BackgroundMultiple myeloma (MM) typically evolves from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM). Its progression is accompanied by significant tumor heterogeneity and immune microenvironment remode…
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a high morbidity and mortality condition with a high incidence/prevalence worldwide. Despite the diverse etiological factors involved, common pathogenic hallmarks in CLD progression are the accumulation of scarring hepati…
BackgroundThe sharp increase in prevalence of atopic disease suggests a role for environmental factors, such as the microbiome. Here, we study the impact of immunoglobulin A (IgA) coating of gut bacteria in infancy on allergic outcomes in two distinct …
ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of Batri-7 in tubal inflammatory infertility model rats treatment in the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway.MethodsF…
The treatment landscape for Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) has undergone a profound transformation over the past two decades. The integration of BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has shifted the paradig…
Seasonal influenza vaccination remains the most effective strategy for reducing influenza burden and preventing severe disease. Despite decades of vaccine development, the seasonal influenza vaccine is administered intramuscularly and provides suboptim…
Early-life host-microbe interactions critically shape immune development, lifelong homeostasis, and disease susceptibility. The PRIMAL trial (Priming Immunity at the Beginning of Life) demonstrated that multistrain probiotics shifted the gut microbiota…
BackgroundTumor cell heterogeneity is a fundamental driver of breast cancer aggressiveness, underlying recurrence, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Understanding the biological characteristics and functions of specific tumor cell clusters in the tum…
Vaccinia virus (VACV) and monkeypox virus (MPXV) are closely related members of the family Poxviridae, genus Orthopoxvirus, both capable of causing systemic infections with potential neurological complications. Although live, replication-competent VACV…
IntroductionMelanoma is one of the most aggressive types of tumors, and strategies for modulating the immune response have been explored as adjuvant therapies. One notable candidate is β-glucan, a polysaccharide derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S…
BackgroundVitamin D and iron metabolism are increasingly recognized as potential modulators of airway inflammation, yet their interrelationship in pediatric asthma remains unclear. This study investigated the associations of serum vitamin D, ferritin, …
Cholera has re-emerged as a major global public health threat. Orally administered attenuated or inactivated vaccines offer protection against enteric pathogens such as Vibrio cholerae, and several World Health Organization-prequalified oral cholera va…
IntroductionNutritional strategies have emerged as promising tools to modulate immune responses in marine fish, particularly at mucosal surfaces involved in host-pathogen interactions. Dietary immunomodulators such as yeast-derived β-glucans (BG) have …
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder marked by joint swelling, pain, and progressive tissue destruction. Increasing evidence suggests that dysregulated RNA expression critically drives RA progression by perturbing imm…
BackgroundChronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) exhibits marked immunologic heterogeneity, and a substantial proportion of patients show delayed or absent responses to anti-IgE therapy. While cytokines are implicated in CSU pathophysiology, their integra…
BackgroundSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease in which interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a major determinant of mortality. Given that certain chemokines and adhesion molecules may be involved in the inflammation, subsequent …
ObjectiveThis study explores the mechanism of propofol in autologous orthotopic liver transplantation (AOLT)-insulted kidney injury.MethodsA rat model of OALT-induced kidney injury was established, followed by intraperitoneal injection of propofol. Rat…
IntroductionTuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) offers inconsistent protection against adult pulmonary TB. We previously showed that homologous mRNA vaccination encoding the…
BackgroundMetabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease, ranging from simple steatosis (MASL) to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). However, reliable noninvasive strat…
We report a case of a 67-year-old man with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) presenting with symmetrical annular plaques confined to the face. Histopathology demonstrated dense dermal eosinophilia without flame figures, consistent with eosinophilic annular ery…
BackgroundDevelopment of de novo donor-specific antibodies (dnDSA) remains a key risk factor for antibody-mediated rejection and graft loss in kidney transplantation. The PIRCHE-T2 model estimates immunogenicity by predicting donor-derived HLA peptides…
Calcium electrochemotherapy (CaECT) is an effective alternative to standard chemotherapeutic treatments, utilizing intracellular delivery of supraphysiological calcium concentrations to induce cell death. High-frequency sub-microsecond bursts can be su…
Curr Opin Immunol. 2026 Apr 16;100:102777. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2026.102777. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Immunosenescence is a multidimensional remodeling of immunity, characterized by inflammaging, cellular senescence, T-cell exhaustion, and thymic involution, that raises infection and disease risk with age. Emerging evidence, notably from centenarians, shows immune aging follows divergent trajectories: rather than a uniform decline, extreme … Read more
Curr Opin Immunol. 2026 Apr 16;100:102779. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2026.102779. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Multiple sets of classification/diagnostic criteria have been revised recently in rheumatology, with issues from why to how they were developed coming to light. These issues range from the worse specificity of the new sets of criteria to methodological issues in their development, … Read more
Curr Opin Immunol. 2026 Apr 16;100:102778. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2026.102778. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Observational studies serve as a critical alternative when randomized trials are precluded by ethical concerns, high costs, or the need for rapid evidence-based hypothesis generation. Increasing reliance on routinely collected observational data (electronic health records, registries, and claims) has been accompanied by … Read more
J Immunol. 2026 Apr 15;215(4):vkag056. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag056. ABSTRACT Current immunotherapies for autoimmune diseases lack sufficient specificity and often compromise protective immunity, underscoring the need for precision-based approaches. Here, we identify x-mAb, a germline-encoded IgM autoantibody derived from dual-expresser lymphocytes of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), as a potent agent for precision immunotherapy. In the … Read more
Trends Immunol. 2026 Apr 16:S1471-4906(26)00067-0. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2026.03.006. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Immunogenic cell death (ICD) converts the death of a tumor cell into an event sensed by the immune system. Recent studies show that distinct ICD modalities, including immunogenic apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and hybrid forms such as PANoptosis, release defined sets of danger signals … Read more
Semin Immunol. 2026 Apr 16;82:102026. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2026.102026. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT TH9 cells, a distinct subset of CD4+ T helper cells characterized by IL-9 production, have emerged as key players in cancer immunology. Initially recognized for their potent antitumor activity upon adoptive cell transfer against melanoma, recent studies have revealed a more complex and … Read more
ABSTRACT EXPRESSION OF CONCERN: M. Barel, M. Balbo, M. Le Romancer and R. Frade, “Activation of Epstein-Barr Virus/C3d Receptor (gp140, CR2, CD21) on Human Cell Surface Triggers pp60src and Akt-GSK3 Activities Upstream and Downstream to PI 3-Kinase, Respectively,” European Journal of Immunology 33, no. 9 (2003): 2557–2566, https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.200324059. This Expression of Concern is for the … Read more
Curr Opin Immunol. 2026 Apr 15;100:102775. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2026.102775. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) presents ongoing challenges in understanding its pathogenesis, standardizing diagnostic tests, and optimizing treatment strategies. The 18th International Congress on Antiphospholipid Antibodies (ICAPA) was held in Kyoto in September 2025. This narrative meeting wrap-up summarizes selected highlights from the Congress … Read more
