Journal of Immunology

J Immunol. 2025 Apr 18:vkaf046. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf046. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT T helper cell differentiation is one of the key developmental events in the peripheral immune regulations, resulting in better adaptation to the nature of infection and inflammation. While it is known that several factors are involved in this differentiation, including subsets of antigen-presenting … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Apr 18:vkaf042. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf042. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Inflammasomes are multiprotein innate immune complexes formed in response to infections, tissue damage, or cellular stress that promote the maturation and release of IL-1β/IL-18 and are implicated in lytic cell death. The NLRP3 inflammasome is canonically activated by an initial priming event followed … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Apr 17:vkaf036. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf036. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Natural killer (NK) cells are emerging as a promising tool for cancer immunotherapy due to their innate ability to selectively recognize and eliminate cancer cells. Over the past 3 decades, strategies to harness NK cells have included cytokines, small molecules, antibodies, and the … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Apr 15:vkae040. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkae040. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT In people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PLWH), the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine often results in a limited humoral immune response. While a reduced absolute CD4+ T cell count is a known factor, other determinants remain unclear. To investigate variables influencing … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Apr 15:vkaf032. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf032. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Despite pigs being an important species in influenza A virus (IAV) epidemiology and a reliable preclinical model for human IAV infections, many aspects of the porcine pulmonary immune system remain poorly understood. Here, we characterized the single-cell landscape of lung leukocytes of healthy … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Apr 15:vkaf040. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf040. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Inducible Co-Stimulator (ICOS), as a T-cell-specific costimulatory receptor that enhances T-cell responses to foreign antigens, plays a crucial role in cancer immunity. However, its role in MSS/pMMR colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that ICOS expression decreases as the … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Apr 10:vkaf047. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf047. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Chimeric antigen receptor T (CART) cell therapy is an innovative form of immunotherapy that has shown remarkable and long-term responses in patients with B-cell malignancies. Over the years, the field has made significant progress in our understanding of the successes and challenges associated … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Apr 10:vkaf016. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf016. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Insertion or deletion of one or two base pairs within a coding region causes a frameshift, which has the potential to generate neoepitopes (InDel-generated neoepitopes) that lack a self-counterpart and are entirely novel. Despite the obvious appeal of InDel-generated neoepitopes, and the demonstration … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Apr 10:vkaf060. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf060. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Lung-resident conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) coordinate immune responses to respiratory viruses in the respiratory tract or after migration to mediastinal lymph nodes (mLN). Migratory DCs include cDC1s (CD103+XCR1+CD24hi) expressing IRF8 or cDC2s (CD11b+SIRPα+CD24+) expressing IRF4. IRF4+ cDC2s are divided into a CD24hi subset … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Apr 9:vkaf031. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf031. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The cellular form of the prion protein (PrPC), known for its involvement as a misfolded isoform in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, has recently been identified to exert a protective effect against viral infections. In this study, we explored the role of 2 other prion … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Apr 9:vkaf034. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf034. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Imbalanced effector and regulatory CD4+ T cell subsets drive many inflammatory diseases. These T cell subsets rely on distinct metabolic programs, modulation of which differentially affects T cell fate and function. Lipid metabolism is fundamental yet remains poorly understood across CD4+ T cell … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Apr 9:vkaf037. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf037. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells, as an adoptive immunotherapy, are effective at treating colorectal cancer (CRC). However, whether an individual can benefit from CIK cell therapy remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the long-term effects of CIK cell therapy and specifically the relationship … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Apr 8:vkaf030. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf030. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Studies support a role for natural killer (NK) cells in cancer control, making these cells attractive for immunotherapy. One method being tested to make effective NK cells is the ex vivo activation with interleukin (IL)-12, IL-15, and IL-18. We demonstrate that this induces … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Apr 4:vkaf010. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf010. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Neutrophils are the first line of defense against pathogens, combating them by using several antimicrobial mechanisms. These cells display a remarkable plasticity that can be molded by the different environments that neutrophils confront to protect the host, therefore presenting diverse phenotypes. Actually, pro- … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Apr 4:vkaf035. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf035. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Tissue-resident memory cells contribute to allergen-induced inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness, but relatively little is known of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the accumulation of these cells in the lung. Here, we show that allergen-specific CD4+ resident memory T cells are virtually absent … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Apr 4:vkaf048. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf048. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT T-cell central tolerance is controlled by thymocyte TCR recognition of self-peptides presented by thymic APCs. While thymic epithelial cells are essential for T-cell central tolerance, a variety of other traditional APCs also play critical roles in T-cell selection. Similar to how peripheral APCs … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Apr 3:vkaf033. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf033. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT This review provides a broad overview of lessons learned in the five years since COVID-19 was identified. It is a bimodal disease, starting with an initially virus-driven phase, followed by resolution or ensuing inappropriate immune activation causing severe inflammation that is no longer … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Apr 3:vkaf041. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf041. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes that exhibit adaptive traits particularly evident during cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Following mouse CMV (MCMV) infection, NK cells upregulate the transcription factors IRF4 and IRF8, which are indispensable for their survival and proliferation upon viral infection. However, … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Apr 3:vkae025. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkae025. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex systemic autoimmune disease characterized by a wide range of clinical and immunologic manifestations, most prominently, the production of autoantibodies to nuclear components (ANAs). A previous study delineated four SLE patient clusters based on autoantibody expression to … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Apr 3:vkaf045. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf045. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is a pleotropic cytokine which is a central mediator of the immune response to pathogen infection, while also playing important roles in tumour suppression and the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases. Consequently, there is potential utility in the treatment of … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Apr 2:vkae062. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkae062. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Although immune responses to bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-vaccination and susceptibility to pediatric tuberculosis (TB) vary across individuals, the underlying cellular mechanism regulating this heterogeneity is poorly understood. We used a nested case-control study with a 2-yr prospective observation period to examine whether genetic variation … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Apr 2:vkaf039. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf039. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) respiratory dissemination schemes, which mimic natural infection routes, have only recently become an area of investigation. Using an intratracheal (i.t.) infection method, we discovered that the respiratory infection route yields differential infection kinetics compared to the widely used intraperitoneal (i.p.) … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Apr 1:vkaf017. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf017. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) retain Ag-containing immune complexes (ICs), facilitate the selection of high-affinity antibodies, and protect B cells in germinal centers (GCs) from apoptosis. In systemic lupus erythematosus patients, apoptotic debris is found on the surface of FDCs. However, the mechanisms by … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Apr 1:vkaf007. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf007. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Establishing the magnitude and kinetics of polyclonal Ag-specific CD8 T-cell responses, in addition to their functional fitness, is critical for evaluating a host’s ability to respond to different kinds of infections and/or immunizations. To track CD8 T-cell responses during infection, a surrogate-activation-marker approach … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Mar 31:vkae059. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkae059. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Active immune suppression can mediate the balance between protective cellular immunity and harmful immunopathology. This suppression can occur locally, at an infection site, or in regional draining lymph nodes (dLNs). Immune regulation is of particular importance in sites such as the lung where … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Mar 12:vkae020. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkae020. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Autoimmune disease refers to a condition when the immune system anomalously attacks its own body and healthy cells. Although the exact causes of autoimmune diseases are unknown, it is recognized that excessive or aberrant cytokine responses contribute significantly to the development of autoimmunity. … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Mar 28:vkaf027. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf027. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells can effectively kill tumor cells in the presence of anti-cancer IgG monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), but neutrophils are less effective. We previously showed that IgG1 bispecific antibodies (BsAb), which target the IgA Fc receptor (FcαRI, CD89) and a … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Mar 28:vkaf038. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf038. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Foam cells are dysfunctional, lipid-laden macrophages associated with chronic inflammation of diverse origin. The long-standing paradigm that foam cells are cholesterol-laden derives from atherosclerosis research. We previously showed that, in tuberculosis, foam cells surprisingly accumulate triglycerides. Here, we utilized bacterial (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), fungal … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Mar 27:vkaf013. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf013. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Peptide presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules enables CD8+ T lymphocytes to monitor the intracellular proteome of tissue cells. CD8+ T cell priming and acquisition of effector functions is affected by cognate peptide-MHC-I complex density on the cell surface, which … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Mar 27:vkaf026. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf026. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Increased myeloid lineage production, termed myeloid skewing, leading to decreased tumor immunity, is a hallmark of aberrant hematopoiesis associated with cancer. It is believed that myeloid skewing may occur at the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) level to elicit hematopoietic changes. However, … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Mar 26:vkaf011. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf011. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The Hippo signaling pathway plays an important role in regulating host immune responses. However, few studies have explored its role in fish. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which the Hippo pathway regulates the expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Mar 12:vkae050. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkae050. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is a prevalent pathogen that promotes human periodontal disease (PD) and exacerbates systemic comorbidities such as atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer’s disease. Pg produces nonphosphorylated tetra-acylated lipid A (NPLA) in its outer membrane (OM) that evades host Toll-like receptor 4 … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Mar 24:vkaf002. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf002. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Currently, anti-inflammatory drugs fail to reduce pulmonary fibrosis and tissue remodeling in the clinic. Thus, there is an unmet need to develop novel antifibrotic drugs capable of reversing disease. Our lab has identified two novel mediators of pulmonary fibrosis belonging to the tumor … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Mar 24:vkaf003. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf003. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Natural killer (NK) cell activation is regulated by killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) that recognize human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules. While polymorphism in HLA can directly impact these interactions, the extent to which the HLA-associated peptide repertoire modulates NK cell function … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Mar 22:vkaf023. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf023. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a donor T cell driven complication and the leading cause of non-relapse mortality in patients receiving an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Allogeneic donor T cells eradicate residual leukemia and prevent relapse via the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect and … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Mar 22:vkaf015. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf015. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Polyreactivity is the ability of antibodies to bind to various unrelated antigens with low affinities and is a frequent feature of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). Besides naturally occurring polyreactivity, human immune repertoires contain antibodies that can acquire polyreactivity de novo, by their … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Mar 22:vkaf009. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf009. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Cytotoxic T cell (CTL) exhaustion is driven by chronic T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, leading to a dysfunctional state of cells. Exhausted CTLs exhibit diminished effector function against chronic infections and cancers. Therefore, reducing CTL exhaustion may re-establish effective adaptive immune responses. One … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Mar 22:vkaf020. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf020. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Galectins are expressed by different immune and nonimmune cells with diverse immunomodulatory properties. However, their roles in erythropoiesis remain unknown. We investigated the expression of galectin genes in splenic CD71+ erythroid cells (CECs) from neonatal BALB/c mice at various developmental stages using bulk … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Mar 22:vkaf019. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf019. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Major depression disorder is a common illness that severely limits psychosocial functioning, affects outcomes of other diseases, and diminishes the quality of life. High-salt diet (HSD) has long been closely associated with the occurrence and development of depression, but whether or how HSD … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Mar 21:vkaf008. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf008. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Therapeutic B cell depletion with monoclonal antibodies targeting CD20 forced a rethink about the pathogenic role of B cells and plasma cells in autoimmune diseases; however, it was tempered by frequent clinical relapses or nonresponse to CD20-directed therapy. Here, we re-evaluate B cell … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Mar 21:vkaf018. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf018. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT HIF1β, which serves as a common binding partner of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-α subunits, plays a key role in 2 cellular signaling pathways: the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and HIF pathways. Whether HIF1β is involved in antiviral innate immunity remains … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Mar 20:vkae065. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkae065. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Endometrial stromal cells acquire a secretory profile associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and unfolded protein response (UPR) related to the onset of a sterile inflammatory response essential for sustaining embryo implantation. However, exacerbated stromal ERS/UPR is associated with reproductive complications. Given the … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Mar 20:vkaf021. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf021. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Although the importance of the unique member of S100 EF-hand family, S100A10 in health and disease is well appreciated, a precise characterization of S100A10 expression still remains elusive. To this purpose, we generated a knock-in mouse line in which downstream of the coding … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Mar 19:vkae064. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkae064. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Regulatory T cells (Tregs) mediate tissue homeostasis and repair. The function of the interleukin-7 receptor α (IL-7Rα) in nonlymphoid tissue Tregs is still unknown, although low expression of IL-7Rα is a widely accepted marker for Tregs. Here, we show that IL-33R (ST2)-expressing Tregs … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Mar 19:vkaf025. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf025. Online ahead of print. NO ABSTRACT PMID:40107285 | DOI:10.1093/jimmun/vkaf025

J Immunol. 2025 Mar 18:vkae055. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkae055. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are a new class of single-stranded DNA-based drugs that hold great therapeutic potential. A low incidence of severe, dose-dependent, and reversible thrombocytopenia (TCP) (platelets < 50 K/μl) has been reported in nonhuman primate (NHP) populations, following treatment of monkeys with … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Mar 18:vkae061. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkae061. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal and opportunist pathogen of the upper respiratory tract. The recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns through pattern-recognition receptors is crucial for eliminating microorganisms such as S. aureus. DC-SIGN (CD209) is a pattern-recognition receptor that binds to a broad range … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Mar 18:vkae053. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkae053. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Respiratory viral infections are a major contributor to mortality in children under 5 years of age, and disproportionately affect preterm neonates. Previously, using our established 3-day-old neonatal murine model of influenza virus infection, we demonstrated that treatment of neonatal mice with intranasal Lactobacillus … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Mar 18:vkaf006. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf006. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Dysregulated innate immune responses contribute to multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), characterized by gastrointestinal, mucocutaneous, and/or cardiovascular injury occurring weeks after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposure. To investigate innate immune functions, we stimulated ex vivo peripheral blood cells from … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Mar 17:vkae047. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkae047. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are key modulators of natural killer cell activity, displaying either activating or inhibitory potential upon recognition of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. The genomic organization of KIR genes is complex, involving copy number variation and allelic … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Mar 17:vkae045. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkae045. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The cytokine IL-2 plays a pivotal role in the immune system, specifically in the proliferation of T, B, and NK cells. The alpha subunit of the IL-2 receptor, IL-2Rα (CD25), is known to regulate the expansion and differentiation of T lymphocytes. CD25 is … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Mar 17:vkaf044. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf044. Online ahead of print. NO ABSTRACT PMID:40096641 | DOI:10.1093/jimmun/vkaf044

J Immunol. 2025 Mar 17:vkaf024. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf024. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases have risen significantly over the past decades. Chronic inflammation in obesity is a link between obesity and secondary disease. While macrophages and monocytes are known to contribute to metabolic disease risk during diet exposure, little is … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Mar 14:vkaf005. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf005. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is characterized by elevated levels of the enzyme activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), an enzyme critical for MYC translocation that is the hallmark of BL. Both EBV and Plasmodium falciparum malaria are cofactors in the etiology of BL. However, how these … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Mar 14:vkae068. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkae068. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The virtually monomorphic antigen presentation molecule HLA-E can present self- and non-self peptides to the NKG2A/CD94 co-receptor inhibitory complex expressed on natural killer (NK) cells and to T cell receptors (TCRs) expressed on T cells. HLA-E presents self-peptides to NKG2A/CD94 to regulate tissue … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Mar 13:vkaf001. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkaf001. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) respond to infections and tumors by producing IFN-γ. Although RAR-related orphan receptor α (RORα) is required for ILC2s and some ILC3s, its role in ILC1 development remains controversial. To investigate the role of RORα in ILC1s, we … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Jan 1;214(1):104-114. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkae013. ABSTRACT Current influenza vaccines are not effective in conferring protection against antigenic variants and pandemics. To improve cross-protection of influenza vaccination, we developed a 5xM2e messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine encoding the tandem repeat conserved ectodomain (M2e) of ion channel protein M2 derived from human, swine, and avian influenza … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Jan 1;214(1):12-22. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkae014. ABSTRACT The CD2-depleting drug alefacept (LFA3-Ig) preserved beta cell function in new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients. The most promising biomarkers of response were late expansion of exhausted CD8 T cells and rare baseline inflammatory islet-reactive CD4 T cells, neither of which can be used to measure responses … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Jan 1;214(1):141-152. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkae009. ABSTRACT Macrophages are important mediators of immune responses with critical roles in the recognition and clearance of pathogens, as well as in the resolution of inflammation and wound healing. The neuronal guidance cue SLIT2 has been widely studied for its effects on immune cell functions, most notably directional … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Jan 1;214(1):153-166. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkae011. ABSTRACT Obesity is associated with comorbidities including type 2 diabetes, chronic nonhealing wounds, and psoriasis. Normally, skin homeostasis and repair is regulated through the production of cytokines and growth factors derived from skin-resident cells including epidermal γδ T cells. However, epidermal γδ T cells exhibit reduced proliferation and … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Jan 1;214(1):167-179. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkae017. ABSTRACT The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene VHL is a classic tumor suppressor that has been identified in family members with clear cell renal cell carcinomas, central nervous system and retinal hemangioblastomas, phaeochromocytomas, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. The well-defined function of VHL is to mediate proteasomal degradation … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Jan 1;214(1):85-103. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkae010. ABSTRACT Macrophages are critical to maintaining and restoring tissue homeostasis during inflammation. The lipid metabolic state of macrophages influences their function and polarization, which is crucial to the resolution of inflammation. The contribution of lipid synthesis to proinflammatory macrophage responses is well understood. However, how lipid synthesis regulates … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Jan 1;214(1):130-140. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkae008. ABSTRACT While several African swine fever virus (ASFV)-encoded proteins potently interfere with the cGAS-STING (cyclic GMP-AMP synthetase-stimulator of interferon genes) pathway at different levels to suppress interferon (IFN) type I production in infected macrophages, systemic IFN-α is induced during the early stages of AFSV infection in pigs. The … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Jan 1;214(1):115-129. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkae006. ABSTRACT As one of the earliest identified susceptible animals for the SARS-CoV-2, cats are also the vulnerable hosts for feline coronaviruses, ie feline enteric coronavirus (FECV). Here, to understand the cross-presentation of coronavirus-derived peptides by cat major histocompatibility complex molecule feline leucocyte antigen (FLA) class I, unpredictable natural … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Jan 1;214(1):72-84. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkae005. ABSTRACT Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), a soluble receptor in the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, regulates the functions of monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that DcR3 suppresses B cell proliferation in vitro and ameliorates autoimmune diseases in animal models; however, whether and … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Jan 1;214(1):55-71. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkae002. ABSTRACT Poliovirus receptor (PVR) ligands have gained attention as immunotherapy targets, yet their regulation remains unclear. Here, we examine the impact of PVR exposure on primary human CD8+ T cells. We used flow cytometry and Western blot analysis to quantify expression of PVR and its ligands in naïve … Read more

J Immunol. 2025 Jan 1;214(1):180-191. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkae022. Epub 2025 Jan 28. ABSTRACT Interleukin (IL)-18 is an immunoregulatory cytokine that acts as a potent inducer of T helper 1 and cytotoxic responses. IL-18 activity is regulated by its decoy receptor IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) which forms a high affinity complex with IL-18 to block binding of … Read more

J Immunol. 2024 Nov;213(10):1405-1406. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400582. Epub 2024 Nov 15. NO ABSTRACT PMID:40008389 | PMC:PMC11856654 | DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.2400582

J Immunol. 2024 Nov;213(10):1405-1406. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400582. Epub 2024 Nov 15. NO ABSTRACT PMID:40008389 | PMC:PMC11856654 | DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.2400582

J Immunol. 2025 Jan 1;214(1):23-39. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkae003. Epub 2025 Jan 23. ABSTRACT Thymus organogenesis is critical for proper maturation of developing T cells. In this study, we identified Topoisomerase 1 (Top1) as a novel gene involved in thymus development and function. We created a mouse line with deletion of Top1 in thymic epithelial cells (TECs) … Read more

J Immunol. 2024 Dec 15;213(12):1727. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2490018. NO ABSTRACT PMID:39621956 | DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.2490018

J Immunol. 2024 Dec 15;213(12):1799-1810. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400491. ABSTRACT Chimeric Ag receptor T cells derived from universal donors are susceptible to recipient immunologic rejection, which may limit their in vivo persistence and compromise treatment efficacy. In this study, we generated HLA class I-deficient T cells by disrupting β2-microglobulin to evade recognition by HLA-mismatched CD8+ T cells, … Read more

J Immunol. 2024 Dec 15;213(12):1729-1737. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400033. ABSTRACT Dysregulation of lipid homeostasis causes the deposition of lipids in the form of tiny droplets within foamy macrophages (FMs). In FMs, host-derived lipids aid in survival of various intracellular pathogens leading to sustained infection. In several infectious diseases, the transformation of macrophages into a foamy phenotype is … Read more

J Immunol. 2024 Dec 1;213(11):1571. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2490017. NO ABSTRACT PMID:39556785 | DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.2490017

J Immunol. 2024 Dec 1;213(11):1573-1584. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400447. ABSTRACT The family of IgG Abs is a crucial component of adaptive immunity. Glycosylation of IgG maintains its structural integrity and modulates its effector functions. In this review, we discuss IgG glycosylation covering cell biological as well as therapeutic and disease-related aspects, focusing on the glycan structures in … Read more

J Immunol. 2024 Nov 8:ji2400493. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400493. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Ubiquitination is a critical posttranslational modification that regulates host immune responses to pathogens. In this study, we investigated the ubiquitination of hemocyanin (PvHMC [Penaeus vannamei hemocyanin]) mediated by the mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase (PvMulan) in shrimp Penaeus vannamei. We characterized distinct ubiquitination patterns … Read more

J Immunol. 2024 Nov 6:ji2300818. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300818. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are a compelling model for studying lymphocytes because zebrafish and humans have similar adaptive immune systems, including their lymphocytes. Antibodies that recognize zebrafish proteins are sparse, so many investigators use transgenic, lymphocyte-specific fluorophore-labeled lines. Human and zebrafish lymphocyte types are … Read more

J Immunol. 2024 Nov 6:ji2400607. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400607. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Rowe, A. M., H. Yun, B. R. Treat, P. R. Kinchington, and R. L. Hendricks. 2017. Subclinical herpes simplex virus type 1 infections provide site-specific resistance to an unrelated pathogen. J. Immunol. 198: 1706-1717. The second author’s first name was published incorrectly. The … Read more

J Immunol. 2024 Nov 15;213(10):1403. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2490016. NO ABSTRACT PMID:39495901 | DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.2490016

J Immunol. 2024 Nov 15;213(10):1407-1413. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300670. ABSTRACT The aging population is increasing worldwide, and there is also an increase in the aging population living with overweight and obesity, due to changes in lifestyle and in dietary patterns that elderly individuals experience later in life. Both aging and obesity are conditions of accelerated metabolic dysfunction … Read more

J Immunol. 2024 Nov 4:ji2400425. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400425. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Envelope viruses are the most threatening pathogens to eukaryotes. The search for target genes against envelope viruses is particularly important. The activating transcription factors (ATFs) regulate cancer proliferation, maintain cellular redox homeostasis, extend biological longevity, and respond to viral stimuli. However, the mechanism … Read more

J Immunol. 2024 Nov 4:ji2400042. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400042. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT ISG15, an IFN-stimulated gene, plays a crucial role in modulating immune responses during viral infections. Its upregulation is part of the host’s defense mechanism against viruses, contributing to the antiviral state of cells. However, altered ISG15 expression can also lead to immune dysregulation … Read more

J Immunol. 2024 Nov 1:ji2400322. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400322. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Every year millions of people are infected with influenza, which can be complicated by secondary bacterial pneumonia. One factor that may contribute to increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial infection is the modulation of inflammatory cytokines. NF erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been … Read more

J Immunol. 2024 Nov 1:ji2400129. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400129. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Aberrant intestinal inflammation plays a critical role in the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC), yet the mechanisms controlling tumor development by the myeloid immune compartment are not fully understood. Although altered microRNA expression is observed in CAC, it is also unclear how … Read more

J Immunol. 2024 Oct 30:ji2400363. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400363. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The increased susceptibility of infants and young children to some diseases has often been explained as the neonatal immune system (NIS) being incomplete and/or underdeveloped. However, our recent work demonstrated that neonatal mice could clear a Bordetella pertussis (Bp) strain lacking pertussis toxin … Read more

J Immunol. 2024 Oct 30:ji2400227. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400227. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT IFN-β is a potent antiviral cytokine and the first member of the type I IFN family of cytokines to be induced during the antiviral response. IFN-β plays an essential protective role in host defense against virus infections, as well as a pathogenic role … Read more

J Immunol. 2024 Oct 28:ji2400332. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400332. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Chronic inflammatory diseases are a leading global health problem. In many of these diseases, the consistent presence of systemic low-grade inflammation induces tissue damage. This is true in conditions such as diabetes, arthritis, and autoimmune disorders, where an overactive and uncontrolled host immune … Read more

J Immunol. 2024 Oct 28:ji2400259. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400259. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Eosinophils control many aspects of the vertebrate innate immune response. They contribute to homeostasis, inflammatory conditions and defense against pathogens. With the varied functions of eosinophils, they have been found to play both protective and pathogenic roles in many diseases. The zebrafish (Danio … Read more

J Immunol. 2024 Oct 28:ji2400323. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400323. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT IL-33 plays an important role in the early programming of CD8 T cells; however, its contribution to the differentiation of tissue-resident memory T cells in vivo remains poorly defined. After infection of mice with Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, IL-33 expression was increased in the intestinal … Read more

J Immunol. 2024 Oct 28:ji2400466. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400466. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Defining the MHC class I ligands of rhesus macaque killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) is fundamental to NK cell biology in this species as a model for infectious diseases and comparative immunogenetics. Several rhesus macaque KIRs belong to a phylogenetically distinct group with … Read more

J Immunol. 2024 Oct 25:ji2300575. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300575. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The prototypic IFN-inducible transcription factor, IRF1, not only controls inflammatory gene expression but also regulates T cell and macrophage fate specification and function. Using bone marrow chimeras (80% B6.129S2-Ighmtm1Cgn/J [µMT] + 20% B6.129S2-Irf1tm1Mak/J [Irf1-/-]), we show that IRF1 expression in B cells is … Read more

J Immunol. 2024 Oct 25:ji2300858. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300858. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus is the major cause of healthcare-associated infections, including life-threatening conditions as bacteremia, endocarditis, and implant-associated infections. Despite adequate antibiotic treatment, the mortality of S. aureus bacteremia remains high. This calls for different strategies to treat this infection. In past years, sequencing … Read more

J Immunol. 2024 Oct 25:ji2400370. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400370. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Flow cytometry is used for immune cell analysis for cell composition and function. Spectral flow cytometry allows for high-dimensional analysis of immune cells, overcoming limitations of conventional flow cytometry. However, analyzing data from large Ab panels is challenging using traditional biaxial gating strategies. … Read more

J Immunol. 2024 Oct 25:ji2400212. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400212. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The role of the most common TP53 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at codon 72, which encodes for proline (P72) or arginine (R72), in the regulation of the immune system has not yet been thoroughly explored. We found that this SNP contributes to aggravated inflammatory … Read more

J Immunol. 2024 Oct 25:ji2400353. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400353. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Abs play a pivotal role in adaptive immunity by binding to pathogens and initiating immune responses against infections. Processes such as somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination (CSR) enhance Ab affinity and effector functions. We previously carried out a CRISPR/Cas9 screen in the … Read more

J Immunol. 2024 Oct 23:ji2400326. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400326. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Influenza virus is a highly contagious respiratory pathogen causing between 9.4 and 41 million infections per year in the United States in the last decade. Annual vaccination is recommended by the World Health Organization, with the goal to reduce influenza severity and transmission. … Read more

J Immunol. 2024 Oct 23:ji2300562. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300562. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Chemokines play crucial roles in the regulation of immune cell migration and development. The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis has been extensively studied in mammals, but its regulatory mechanism in teleost fish remains unclear. In this study, we used Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as a teleost … Read more

J Immunol. 2024 Oct 21:ji2400467. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400467. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Preterm birth (PTB), often preceded by preterm labor, is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Most PTB cases involve intra-amniotic inflammation without detectable microorganisms, termed in utero sterile inflammation, for which there is no established treatment. In this study, we … Read more

J Immunol. 2024 Oct 21:ji2400420. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400420. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Aptamers are short, single-stranded oligonucleotides that selectively bind to target biomolecules. Although they generally exhibit good binding specificity, their affinities are often limited because of the relative lack of hydrophobic groups in nucleic acids. Chemically modified nucleotides incorporating hydrophobic structures into uracil have … Read more

J Immunol. 2024 Nov 1;213(9):1267-1277. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400020. ABSTRACT The human skin forms a dynamic barrier to physical injuries and microbial invasion. Constant interactions between stroma and tissue-confined immune cells maintain skin homeostasis. However, the cellular interactions that maintain skin health also contribute to focal immunopathology. Psoriasis is a common disease that manifests with focal pathology … Read more