Cancer Immunol Res. 2026 Apr 10. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-25-1073. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with low immunotherapy efficacy due to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) disease, which accounts for most cases of CRC. Herine, we have identified discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) … Read more
Cancer Immunol Res. 2026 Apr 10. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-25-0498. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) promote tumor growth and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Platelets can activate neutrophils and contribute to inflammation and organ damage; however, the relationship between TANs and platelets in HCC remains unclear. We performed multiplex immunohistochemistry and found that tumor-infiltrating … Read more
Background
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a pivotal role in shaping the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, thereby driving tumor progression and contributing to resistance to therapy. The surface molecules expressed on MDSCs serv…
Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors achieve high response rates in relapsed or refractory (r/r) classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), but few treatment options are available for patients who experience failure after PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. T cell immunog…
Cellular & Molecular Immunology, Published online: 10 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41423-026-01408-9Hepatocyte-derived LRG1 primes the liver for metastasis and impairs immunotherapy
Curr Opin Immunol. 2026 Apr 8;100:102776. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2026.102776. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning are widely promoted as transformative tools for medical practice, yet their impact in daily rheumatology remains limited. This review examines the gap between expectations and reality using historical parallels, conceptual considerations, and recent methodological evidence. Experiences … Read more
Curr Opin Immunol. 2026 Apr 8;100:102772. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2026.102772. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT This paper reviews the historical development, pathogenesis, and nomenclature of Sjögren’s syndrome and critiques the recently proposed term ‘Sjögren’s disease’. Early clinical observations gradually defined the disorder as a systemic condition characterized by sicca symptoms and frequent extraglandular involvement. Advances in immunology … Read more
Periodontitis (PD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are two common chronic inflammatory diseases increasingly connected via the “oral-gut axis,” yet their shared molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Oxidative stress, driven by excessive reactive oxygen spec…
Aquaporin-4 antibodies (AQP4-Abs) are a key diagnostic biomarker of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and anti-Argonaute antibodies (AGO-Abs) have recently been reported in a range of autoimmune neurological conditions, although their cli…
Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders, affecting over 70 million individuals worldwide. However, despite the introduction of more than 30 anti-seizure medications over three decades, approximately 30% of patients continue to suff…
IntroductionTumor necrosis factor-⍺ (TNF⍺) is central to the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and monoclonal antibody-based TNF⍺ inhibitors are amongst the most used biologics worldwide. As an alternative to exogenously administere…
IntroductionSex-based differences in immune responses to vaccination are well-documented, yet the underlying epigenetic mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigates DNA methylation profiles in B cells following hepatitis B virus (HBV) v…
B cells contribute to humoral immunity by producing antibodies, presenting antigens, and secreting cytokines. Traditionally, B cells have been viewed as predominantly pro-immunogenic effectors that promote adaptive immune responses. However, accumulati…
Fibrosis is a pathological process of wound healing, characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and chronic activation of fibroblasts, leading to organ scarring and a decline in function. Fibrogenesis is predominantly initiated…
Sepsis is a major global cause of critical illness with high mortality. Sepsis-associated thrombocytopenia (SAT) is linked to markedly increased death risk and is a key indicator of poor prognosis. Although platelets are recognized as central players i…
ObjectivesLow temperatures reduce T-cell motility; however, the mechanisms by which T cells adapt to low-temperature environments remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated how T cells respond and adapt to subphysiological temperatures.MethodsCona…
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) severely impairs the function of native and transplanted kidneys, with Arg1+ macrophages playing a pivotal role in tubular regeneration. The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2) mediates debris clea…
IntroductionThe escalating crisis of antibiotic resistance highlights the urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents. This study aims to identify and characterize temporin-1LS, a temporin-family antimicrobial peptide from the dark-spotted frog (Pelophy…
BackgroundAdoptive transfer of virus-specific T lymphocytes (VST) is an emerging strategy for refractory viral infections in immunocompromised individuals and is being prospectively evaluated in the ALLOVISTA clinical trial. Here we describe our experi…
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is regarded as one of the most lethal malignancies, characterized by a poor prognosis and significant resistance to conventional treatments. Although Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has been consid…
Sézary syndrome (SS) is a rare and aggressive type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Due to its rarity and marked biological heterogeneity, SS diagnosis is frequently delayed, as it requires the integration of multiple complex diagnostic tests inter…
ObjectiveLongstanding subclinical Crohn’s Disease (CD) can progress to complications such as intestinal strictures and penetrating (intestinal fistulae, abscesses, or perforations) disease. Despite the advances in non-invasive diagnostics for IBD, ther…
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, remains a formidable therapeutic challenge. Within the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, regulatory T cells (Tregs) have attracted increasing attention for their …
We previously demonstrated that vaccination with RSV-Mnull, a prototype single-cycle live vaccine lacking the matrix (M) gene, generated anti-viral serum IgG and memory T cell responses, and reduced challenge virus shedding and pulmonary dysfunction in…
BackgroundThe IL-1 pathway plays a central role in β-cell dysfunction; however, the relationship between IL-1β/IL-1Ra imbalance and islet autoimmunity in newly diagnosed adult-onset diabetes remains insufficiently defined. This study aimed to evaluate …
BackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a clinically heterogeneous immune-mediated skin disorder. The lack of reliable clinical stratification tools and predictive biomarkers for therapeutic response remains a critical unmet need to optimize treatment and …
IntroductionObesity is increasingly recognized as a systemic condition with neuroinflammatory and psychobiological implications, yet its integrated relationship with inflammatory and neuroendocrine pathways in mental health remains insufficiently chara…
BackgroundRegulatory B cells (Bregs) are critical in regulating immune responses and fostering immune tolerance in various cancers; however, their role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is unclear. This study examined the function of Bre…
BackgroundThe one-strength injection regimen has increasingly become the mainstream paradigm for subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT). This study aimed to assess the safety and tolerability of an optimal accelerated scheme for SCIT using a house dust mite…
IntroductionT cell autoreactivity against the autoantigens LL37 and ADAMTSL5 contributes to inflammation in a subset of psoriatic patients. The immunological mechanisms underlying the treatment response in patients showing autoreactivity remain incompl…
IntroductionNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with profound alterations in the hepatic immune microenvironment; however, a comprehensive understanding of immune cell dynamics across disease stages remains limited.MethodsWe perform…
BackgroundThe development of rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) in patients with anti-MDA5-positive dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease (MDA5+ DM-ILD) is a major cause of adverse outcomes, including mortality. This …
by Zhang, H., Huang, Q., Shang, B., Su, G., Tu, H.
The tumor microenvironment (TME), composed of tumor cells together with stromal cells, immune cells, vascular networks, and other components, constitutes a complex ecosystem that plays a decisive role in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis and t…
Background
ABBV-368 is a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets the costimulatory receptor OX40. Here, we investigate a treatment strategy with ABBV-368 combined with the investigational toll-like receptor 9 agonist tilsotolimod, the programmed ce…
by Li, J., Liu, T., Xiao, W., Zhao, D., Li, Q., Liu, S., Li, X., Tong, Y., Li, H., Jiang, H., Wu, S., Li, Z., Tu, H., Gan, Y.
Background
Natural killer (NK) cells are key effectors in antitumor immunity, yet their function is markedly suppressed by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the tumor microenvironment. SMAD7 is an established intracellular antagonist o…
by Jones, T. A., Shapiro, J. W., Sinicrope, S., Li, S., Yasuda, K., Iovino, M., Severe, N., Pinkas, J., Gajewski, T.
Background
Checkpoint blockade therapies have demonstrated clinical benefit across multiple cancer types; however, many patients with immune cell infiltration remain non-responsive or develop resistance. This suggests that additional, unidentified reg…
Background
Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atez/Bev) has become the first-line therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, reliable biomarkers to predict therapeutic response remain lacking.
Methods
We conducted a high-throughput…
Background
To date, no radioimmunotherapy (RIT) regimen has been approved by US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of pancreatic cancers. Highly desmoplastic and immune-desert phenotypes of pancreatic cancer remain two major hurdles that a…
Background
Simlukafusp alfa (FAP-IL2v) was engineered to preferentially activate CD8+ T and natural killer (NK) cells in tumor microenvironments overexpressing fibroblast activation protein (FAP). Checkpoint inhibitors combined with antiangiogenic age…
by Zhu, L., Wu, M., Feng, B., Zhang, Y., Xu, Y., Yu, L.
Background and aims
Human solid tumors such as hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) establish a complex immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that undermines the efficacy of existing immunotherapies such as chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell…
by Woodford, R., Demiguelarroyo, M. J., Jethra, R., Lorigan, P. C., Lim, K. H. J., Thistlethwaite, F.
Autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy has recently been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and Health Canada for the management of patients with advanced melanoma refractory to first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors, wit…
Curr Opin Immunol. 2026 Apr 7;100:102771. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2026.102771. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Identified in the 1990s as the primary target of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) remains a central focus in hematology and immunology. Anti-β2GPI antibodies are important not only for diagnosing APS but also play a key role … Read more
Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Apr 6:S1933-0219(26)00038-3. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.04.001. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The specific contributions of lung epithelial and immune cells to SARS-CoV-2-induced immunopathology and antiviral responses remain unclear. To address this, we generated mouse models with inducible expression of human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) in specific lung cell types. Infection of mice expressing hACE2 … Read more
Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 08 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01290-6This Review discusses how cytokine multimerization affects the engagement of cytokines with their receptors and their biological activity. The au…
Through the lens of spatial transcriptomics and associated tools, novel immune niche constituents can now be resolved. Drawing on gut and tumor contexts, we propose a framework to define immune niches and integrate clonal dynamics, aiming to advance niche-directed therapies toward precise, context-specific immune modulation. ABSTRACT Spatial transcriptomics allows for the investigation of complex cellular … Read more
Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 08 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01288-0This Review provides an integrated overview of Kupffer cell biology, from their embryonic origin and spatial organization to their functional spe…
Sepsis is a severe threat to human health with high mortality rates, but so far its pathogenesis is unclear and lacks effective therapeutic drugs. Macrophages function as one of the most important innate immune cells and play an integral role in the se…
BackgroundColorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a rare subpopulation within tumors endowed with self-renewal capabilities and are recognized as key drivers of tumor initiation, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. These cells also display im…
Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 07 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01302-5In a study in Immunity, Allen et al. show that senescent lung fibroblasts in aged mice promote inflammaging by supporting a pro-inflammatory, age…
Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 07 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01301-6Loss of mitochondrial integrity can promote T cell exhaustion through proteasome-mediated release of regulatory haem.
Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 07 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01299-xA preprint by Fatima et al. reports that Nr4a1-knockout CD8+ T cells have increased cytotoxicity in a mouse model of active tuberculosis, resulti…
Cellular & Molecular Immunology, Published online: 07 April 2026; doi:10.1038/s41423-026-01411-0Lipid metabolism reprogramming shapes the immune landscape in the tumor microenvironment
BackgroundDiabetic retinopathy (DR) represents a key microvascular disorder resulting from prolonged diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycemia, a common driver of diabetes-related vision loss, can pathologically activate de novo lipogenesis (DNL); however, the …
Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), the spirochetal agent of Lyme disease, has a large array of lipoproteins that play a significant role in mediating host-pathogen interactions within ticks and vertebrates. While prior work has established that borrelial lipop…
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) in kidney transplantation is increasingly recognized not merely as a passive consequence of systemic immunosuppression, but as a malignancy driven by an actively engineered, immunosuppressive tumor mi…
BackgroundRelapsed or refractory (R/R) non–germinal center B-cell–like (non-GCB) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) shows poor clinical outcomes. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors have established therapeutic activity by targeting B-cell recep…
Therapeutic antibodies are widely used in cancer biotherapy due to their target specificity, mediating tumor cell inhibition, angiogenesis suppression, and immune modulation. However, systemic administration often leads to off-target effects, as many a…
BackgroundBlomia tropicalis is an important source of inhalant allergens in Southeast Asia and Latin America. Previous proteomics identified multiple Blo t 2 isoforms, yet their clinical relevance to Latin American populations and association with asth…
BackgroundThe inflammatory cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) has pleiotropic roles in immune response and tissue homeostasis, yet its function in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) remains entirely unexplored.MethodsWe integrated clinical epide…
IntroductionIndividuals with Sjögren’s syndrome (SjD) experience notable health challenges, including chronic pain, fatigue, and depression; however, the potential benefits of physical activity in alleviating these issues remain unclear. We aim to syst…
IntroductionAccumulating evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from gut microbiota play important roles in modulating host metabolism and immune responses, thereby influencing the development of metabolic disorders including diabe…
IntroductionCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by a spectrum of immune dysfunction, from mild illness to life-threatening hyper-inflammation. However, the specific relationships between individual cytokine expression profiles and peri…
Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) represents a severe form of tissue or organ damage that occurs spontaneously and passively during the reperfusion process, following abrupt pathophysiological disturbances in the internal milieu. Alleviating and preven…
IntroductionThe diagnostic value of autoantibodies together with the clinical utility of B cell-depleting therapies (e.g., rituximab) highlight a pathologic role for B cells in antisynthetase syndrome (ASyS). Mainstays of therapy however rely on broadl…
BackgroundAdvancing the development of highly efficacious and long-lasting malaria vaccines is hampered by incomplete knowledge of protective immune mechanisms and an absence of established correlates of immunity. Antibody avidity is frequently evaluat…
IntroductionHumanized immune system (HIS) mouse models, generated by engrafting tumors and hematopoietic cells of human (Hu) origin into immunodeficient host mice, effectively recapitulate key aspects of the crosstalk between human immune cells and tum…
Relapse remain the leading cause of treatment failure after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), despite substantial advances in transplant strategies and supportive care. The dyn…
IntroductionTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) features significant heterogeneity and a complex tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Pyroptosis strongly influences this environment, yet the roles of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) remain unclear. Si…
Immune dysregulation is increasingly implicated in the initiation of labor and the pathogenesis of preterm birth (PTB), yet the relative immune signatures of maternal and fetal compartments remain poorly defined. We performed multiplex profiling of 48 …
BackgroundSevere radiation-induced lymphopenia (SRIL) is a poor prognostic factor in lung cancer. This study aimed to develop and validate normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models for SRIL based on hematologic dose in patients receiving pho…
Pediatric sepsis is a systemic inflammatory syndrome caused by dysregulated host immune responses, with a high mortality rate and a lack of effective biomarkers, posing significant challenges for early diagnosis and treatment. This study integrated six…
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV), the etiologic agent of bovine viral diarrhea, poses substantial economic threats to the cattle industry worldwide. While vaccination represents the cornerstone of preventive strategies, relying primarily on inactivat…
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have altered the global epidemiology of respiratory pathogens, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP). However, the impact of MP infection on children with community-acquired pne…
BackgroundCombination therapy with programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors and targeted therapy is a first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients with hyperbilirubinemia (total bilirubin > upper limit of normal) are often exc…
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), remains an ongoing global issue for human and animal health. The Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine offers immunity against bTB, however, the mechanisms underlying the heterogenous…
Atherosclerosis (AS), myocarditis and vasculitis constitute a spectrum of prevalent cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) where immune dysregulation acts as a central pathogenic driver. Consequently, targeting the immune-cardiovascular axis represents a promi…
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies, characterized by profound therapeutic resistance and a 5-year survival rate below 10%. This prognosis is largely driven by a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenviro…
IntroductionSystemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) exhibits a pronounced sex bias, affecting females approximately nine times more frequently than males; however, males tend to experience a more severe clinical course yet the molecular basis for these diff…
BackgroundChimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy has limited efficacy in the treatment of glioma due to the blood-brain barrier and T cell exhaustion. Enhancement with rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG29) has shown improved brain-related efficacy.Method…
J Leukoc Biol. 2026 Apr 2;118(4):qiag027. doi: 10.1093/jleuko/qiag027. ABSTRACT The basis for differential susceptibility to Leishmania donovani infection observed in individuals remains poorly understood. Here we address this important open question comparing bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from susceptible hamsters (hamBMDMs) and resistant mice (mBMDMs) to identify intrinsic cellular features that may contribute to host-specific outcomes. … Read more
Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from umbilical cord were used to recreate a human stromal environment for B-cell development in vitro. In co-culture, CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors from bone marrow or cord blood differentiated into mature IgM-expressing B cells by day 11, while the Nalm-16 B-ALL cell line showed rapid IgM expression as early as … Read more
Trends Immunol. 2026 Apr 2:S1471-4906(26)00066-9. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2026.03.005. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Trained immunity (TRIM), a paradigm-shifting concept in immunology, refers to the long-term functional reprogramming of innate immune cells, enabling enhanced responsiveness to secondary challenges through metabolic and epigenetic remodeling. This phenomenon bridges the gap between innate and adaptive immunity, offering novel strategies for … Read more
Curr Opin Immunol. 2026 Apr 2;100:102769. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2026.102769. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Although immunometabolism has emerged as a central area of research in infectious diseases, only a few studies have focused on Plasmodium vivax infection. Here, we discuss the results obtained in our laboratory and elsewhere that show a metabolic-mitochondria shift in highly activated … Read more
Background
Identifying the mechanisms underlying resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has become a major focus in cancer immunotherapy. Our previous work identified F2RL1 expression, encoding the G protein-coupled receptor Protease-Activa…
Background
Immune exclusion inhibits antitumor immunity and response to immunotherapy, but its mechanisms remain poorly defined. In triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive and generally immune-rich subtype, an immune-cold microenvironment …
