Current Opinion in Immunology

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jul 28;96:102618. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102618. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT As with all autoimmune diseases, antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA) vasculitis cannot be cured by a singular approach. This complexity arises because autoimmune conditions typically result from multiple hits to the immune system – including genetic predisposition, environmental exposures, infections, and perturbations in … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jul 28;96:102616. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102616. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible central vision loss in elderly populations across developed countries. Complement system dysregulation has been implicated in AMD onset and evolution. Complement inhibition therapies have been authorized in the USA as the primary … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jul 18;96:102612. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102612. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT In order to stay circulating in the human population over many years, viruses need to adapt to the environment, mainly to the host’s immune response, allowing for reinfection despite preexisting immunity. These different viral strategies are clearly important for guiding vaccine design. … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jul 18;96:102615. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102615. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Langerhans cells (LCs), the professional antigen-presenting cells in the epidermis, serve as the first line of defense in the skin’s immune system. With advancements in detection technologies and the development of diverse animal models, LCs have been shown to exhibit heterogeneous origins, … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jul 17;96:102613. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102613. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare, chronic cholestatic liver disease affecting the intra- and extra-hepatic bile ducts, leading to progressive inflammation and fibrosis. Its pathogenesis is complex and involves genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, and their interaction through the gut-liver axis, mediated … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jul 18;96:102608. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102608. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), chronic autoimmunity and sustained inflammation can lead to the development of neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) in up to 80% of patients. Elevated interferon-alpha (IFNα) is detected in serum and cerebrospinal fluid, making it a major focus in studies … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jul 16;96:102607. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102607. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Although human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I alloimmunization is asymptomatic, it nevertheless introduces a degree of complexity in the context of transplantation or allogeneic transfusion. In practice, it is evidenced by the presence of anti-HLA-I alloantibodies in patient circulation, which can lead … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jul 16;96:102611. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102611. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) manifests with inflammatory back pain and is diagnosed predominantly in subjects carrying the human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 allele. While not diagnostic for the disease or a predictive biomarker in the general population, there is convincing data on the pathogenic … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jul 16;96:102614. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102614. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Psoriasis is increasingly recognized as a metabolically regulated inflammatory skin disease. Aberrant glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism reshape T cell, dendritic cell, macrophage, and neutrophil responses, driving chronic inflammation. Keratinocyte-derived metabolites further amplify immune dysfunction, establishing a reciprocal … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jul 14;96:102609. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102609. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an organ-specific autoimmune disorder mainly affecting females and characterized by seropositivity for autoantibodies, hypergammaglobulinemia, and histological evidence of interface hepatitis. Liver damage in AIH is perpetrated by multiple immune cell subsets, including B, T lymphocytes, and macrophages. Dysfunction … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jul 10;96:102606. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102606. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Biological therapy has revolutionized the treatment landscape of complex and chronic conditions, including autoimmune diseases and cancer. However, their high costs have significantly limited patient access, particularly in low- and middle-income regions, such as Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). As cost-effective … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jul 7;95:102601. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102601. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Psoriatic disease encompasses psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. It is a chronic, progressive condition and leads to irreversible joint destruction. Conventional treatments used are disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and biologics. Janus kinase (JAK) signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) cell signaling protein inhibitors … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jul 7;95:102602. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102602. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Biologic therapies have significantly improved the management of immune-mediated conditions like psoriatic disease, enhancing the quality of life of patients. However, monotherapy is often insufficient, especially in cases of relapse, concomitant psoriatic arthritis, and involvement of difficult-to-treat areas: the scalp, palmoplantar areas, … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jul 4;95:102599. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102599. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Autoinflammatory diseases are a group of immune dysregulation disorders, with genetic mutations identified in approximately 50% of patients. However, patients with known pathogenic mutations may display a broad range of phenotypic diversity. Epigenetic modifications play a crucial role in regulating immune-mediated diseases, … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jul 3;95:102604. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102604. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare disorder caused by loss of tolerance to red blood cell (RBC) antigens, leading to their destruction by autoantibodies. AIHA can occur as a primary condition or secondary to infections, malignancies, or immune-modulating therapies, such as … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jul 3;95:102605. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102605. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: Platelet and red blood cell (RBC) transfusions, whether used as prophylactic measures or therapeutic interventions, are critical for saving lives. However, the composition of platelet and RBC concentrates used for transfusion may contribute to adverse reactions following transfusion. … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jul 2;95:102594. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102594. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Over recent decades, the significance of autoantibodies has been increasingly recognized in neurological diseases. Breakthroughs, such as the identification of pathogenic autoantibodies targeting aquaporin-4 in central nervous system demyelinating disorders and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in autoimmune encephalitis, have revolutionized both the discovery and … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jul 2;95:102600. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102600. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Exhausted CD8+T cells (CD8+Tex), characterized by progressive dysfunction and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, emerge as a potential therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases. While Tex impairs antitumor immunity, the reduced autoreactivity prevents the functioning of pathogenic CD8⁺T cells, contrasting with broad immunosuppression from … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jul 2;95:102603. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102603. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: Recent insights into extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from platelet (PC) and red blood cell concentrates (RBC), which form during blood product processing and storage. RECENT FINDINGS: EVs impact transfusion outcomes by modulating immune and inflammatory responses. Acting as … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jul 1:102598. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102598. Online ahead of print. NO ABSTRACT PMID:40603234 | DOI:10.1016/j.coi.2025.102598

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jun 27;95:102597. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102597. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Although we can at present more effectively manage Behçet syndrome compared to several decades ago, we are not yet quite near a cure. Our main shortcoming is we have yet to decipher its cause(s) and disease mechanism(s). First, there are reasons to … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jun 24;95:102596. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102596. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Autoimmune diseases represent a significant global health burden, characterized by aberrant immune responses leading to tissue damage and functional impairment. Despite advancements in immunosuppressive therapies, achieving sustained remission remains challenging, necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, a … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jun 23;95:102591. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102591. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid (BP) are both autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBD), but their clinical features and treatment strategies are different. Pemphigus is characterized by intraepidermal blisters mediated by antibodies against desmosomes, while BP is characterized by subepidermal blisters mediated by antibodies against … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jun 23;95:102590. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102590. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease whose main manifestation is scaly and erythematous plaques. The pathogenesis is complex, including genetic and environmental factors. In recent years, epigenetic modifications, which means changing in gene expression instead of altering the DNA sequence, have … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jun 19;95:102589. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102589. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBDs), including pemphigus and pemphigoid, are featured as the presence of autoantibodies directed against structural proteins, resulting in severe blistering as well as considerable morbidity. Current treatments, including glucocorticoids, immunomodulators, and biologics, often fail to achieve sustained remission due … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jun 20;95:102595. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102595. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Healthy individuals exhibit sex-specific immune responses. In certain immune-related diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, there is a pronounced sex bias in incidence, severity, and other clinical features. These differences are influenced by immune-related genes encoded in the sex chromosomes, as well as … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jun 19;95:102587. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102587. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a systemic, immune-mediated disorder characterized by inflammation across peripheral and axial joints, entheses, skin, and nails. Given this heterogeneous manifestation, PsA presents unique challenges in clinical diagnosis and management. Conventional imaging, limited to localized, anatomical assessments, often fails … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jun 19;95:102588. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102588. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Supporting the health and function of the central nervous system (CNS), the choroid plexus (CP) not only produces cerebrospinal fluid, but it also facilitates brain-immune interfacing, removes waste, and secretes proneuronal signals. Despite these key physiological contributions, a pathogenic role for the … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jun 18;95:102593. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102593. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Chronic intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) reflects the interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, microbial imbalance, and epithelial barrier defects. Current therapies for IBD primarily focus on controlling inflammation necessitating lifelong treatment and face a ‘therapeutic ceiling’ due to primary … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jun 17;95:102592. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102592. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) comprise a highly heterogeneous group of disorders with significant morbidity, disability, and mortality. Growing scientific evidence has suggested the interactions between genetic and environmental factors robustly involving in the pathogenesis of AIDs. Epigenetics serves as a critical bridge linking … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Feb;92:102524. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102524. Epub 2024 Dec 27. ABSTRACT The well-documented protumorigenic roles of macrophages in advanced cancers can sometimes overshadow their beneficial functions in the earlier stages of tumor development. This essay explores the hypothesis that macrophages play a crucial protective role in premalignant tissues by sensing and responding to early … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jun 14;95:102586. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102586. Online ahead of print. NO ABSTRACT PMID:40517551 | DOI:10.1016/j.coi.2025.102586

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jun 11;95:102585. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102585. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Spatial transcriptomics (ST) is a technology that has advanced our understanding of the cellular and genetic characteristics of conditions like psoriasis, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. ST is often used in conjunction with methods like single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), which is a popular … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jun 7;95:102568. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102568. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Once believed to be limited in its impact on the brain, the immune system is now recognized as a potent modulator of the brain and behavior. This review explores the evolving understanding of the brain-immune axis, highlighting the role of immune cells … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jun 4;95:102584. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102584. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Immune tolerance is essential for preventing self-damage while maintaining effective immune responses against foreign insults. Disruptions in this balance contribute to autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, including neuroimmunological disorders that are characterized by aberrant inflammation in the nervous system. Follicular regulatory T (TFR) … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jun 4;95:102579. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102579. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: To provide an overview of animal models and mechanisms of autoimmune encephalitides associated with autoantibodies against neuronal surface antigens. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Currently, 18 encephalitides are known to be mediated by cell-surface autoantibodies, with 16 targeting neuronal proteins or … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 May 31;95:102582. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102582. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The maintenance of peripheral tolerance depends on various regulatory mechanisms. Thus, the breakdown of self-tolerance leads to the development of autoimmunity. Although the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is complex, they are primarily antibody mediated. Notably, autoreactive antibodies are detectable in ∼70% of … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 May 30;95:102583. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102583. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that affects approximately 1%-3% of the global population. The advent of biologic therapies has markedly improved the management of moderate-to-severe cases. While the efficacy and safety of these novel agents are well documented, many patients … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 May 31;95:102581. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102581. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that poses a serious threat to human physical and mental health. Its main clinical features include itching, lichenification, and dry skin. The etiology of AD is not yet fully understood, and its pathogenesis … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 May 30;95:102580. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102580. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Vitiligo, characterized by epidermal melanocytes loss causing skin depigmentation, affects millions globally. This review explores its pathogenesis, emphasizing the role of epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modification, noncoding RNAs, chromatin remodeling, and 3D genome regulation. These mechanisms interact with genetic … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 May 30;95:102578. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102578. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The wide spectrum of Sjögren’s disease (SjD) clinical manifestations coupled with its multifaceted pathogenesis has complicated drug target development, optimal clinical trial design, identification of suitable SjD subgroups, selection of appropriate outcome measures, and interpretation of treatment efficacy. Despite recent advancements in … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 May 30;95:102577. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102577. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by muscle fatigability caused by autoantibodies targeting components of the neuromuscular junction, primarily the acetylcholine receptor (AChR). In AChR-MG, the thymus plays a central role as the initiating site of sensitization, fostering a highly … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 May 27;95:102569. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102569. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Prevention remains a critical goal to improve quality of life, given the chronic nature of allergic conditions and the interplay between them contributing to the atopic march. In this review, we will highlight key novel approaches to preventing allergic disease using a … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 May 26;95:102570. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102570. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Our body’s mucosal surfaces interface with the external environment and are potential sites of entry for pathogens as well as noxious substances. Yet, these barrier sites are also colonized with symbiotic microbes and are in contact with harmless environmental antigens. Different barrier … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 May 26;95:102566. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102566. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Mitochondrial diseases (MtD) provide a unique window into the complex interplay between metabolism and immune function. These rare disorders, caused by defects in oxidative phosphorylation, result in bioenergetic deficiencies that disrupt multiple organ systems. While traditionally studied for their metabolic impact, MtD … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 May 24;95:102565. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102565. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis are well-defined autoimmune liver diseases, the pathophysiology of which remains enigmatic. While major therapeutic advances have been achieved for many other autoimmune diseases, precision therapy for these diseases has lagged. For example, limited … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 May 22;95:102567. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102567. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 has been implicated in the onset of multiple, seemingly unrelated, autoimmune diseases. The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 has also been implicated in the unmasking and/or production of multiple autoantibodies, even in the absence of clinical disease. Despite … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 May 20;95:102564. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102564. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), recognized as a novel clinical entity, is a rare, chronic, immune-mediated systemic fibroinflammatory disorder of unknown origin with either synchronous or metachronous multi-organ involvement. Although the pathogenic mechanism remains unclear, possible multipathogenic factors such as genetic backgrounds, disease-specific or … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 May 15;95:102560. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102560. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted an unprecedented global response. In particular, extraordinary efforts have been dedicated toward monitoring and predicting variant emergence due to its huge impact, particularly for vaccine escape. Broadly, we classify such methods into two categories: forward mutation prediction, … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 May 12;94:102561. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102561. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) persists as a chronically progressive autoimmune disorder, notwithstanding significant advancements in early intervention and precision-targeted therapeutics. While treat-to-target paradigms and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs ameliorate clinical outcomes, sustained drug-free remission (SDFR) or even cure remains elusive, underscoring the need for … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 May 12;94:102562. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102562. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a seasonal respiratory virus that typically causes mild, flu-like symptoms. In some cases, it can lead to severe respiratory complications, such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and bronchiolitis, often requiring hospitalization. Recently, a surge in hMPV cases has been reported … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 May 10;94:102563. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102563. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin 4 receptor, has shown significant efficacy in treating atopic dermatitis (AD). However, emerging case reports indicate that it may unmask or cause cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). This review analyzes 29 studies involving 124 patients who … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Apr 30;94:102559. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102559. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Psoriasis is a common chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease, with its pathogenesis involving genetic susceptibility, abnormal immune responses, and environmental factors. In recent years, targeted immunotherapy has become a prominent treatment approach. Various drugs targeting cytokines, such as interleukin-17, interleukin-23, and tumor … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Apr 18;94:102557. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102557. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Adaptive immunity towards self-antigens (autoimmunity) and intestinal commensal microbiota is a key feature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Considering mucosal adaptive immunity from a holobiont perspective, where the host and its microbiome form a single physiological unit, emphasises the challenge of avoiding … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Apr 15;94:102558. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102558. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The brain harbors two major macrophage populations: microglia reside within the brain parenchyma, while border-associated macrophages (BAMs) are situated at central nervous system (CNS) interfaces. BAMs can be further classified into distinct subsets based on their localization: perivascular macrophages surround blood vessels, … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Apr 11;94:102556. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102556. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Targeted immunotherapies, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have transformed cancer treatment by significantly improving patient response and survival rates. However, ICIs could disrupt self-tolerance, inducing the development of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Most irAEs are classified as autoimmune conditions mediated by ICI-activated … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Apr 9;94:102555. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102555. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the joints that can affect individuals at any age of life. While involvement of the immune system in RA has long been clear, current treatments remain limited to interventions that broadly suppress immune … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Apr 3;94:102554. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102554. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Autoimmune diseases arise when self-antigen-specific T and B cells escape central and peripheral mechanisms of tolerance. One such mechanism is control of autoreactivity by regulatory T cells (Tregs), which have an essential role in suppressing autoimmunity. Consequently, there is significant interest in … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Apr 1;94:102553. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102553. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from T cell-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, requiring lifelong insulin therapy and glycemic monitoring. While genetic risk, particularly HLA class II, is well established, rising T1D incidence and earlier onset suggest environmental modifiers. Mouse models show that … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Mar 25;94:102552. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102552. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Given the growing evidence linking microglia to the onset and progression of various neurodegenerative diseases, these brain-resident macrophages have emerged as a promising cell type for targeted therapeutic interventions. This review highlights recent studies that utilized innovative, microglia-focused strategies for the treatment … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Feb 27;94:102538. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102538. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Allergic diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergies, are driven by dysregulated immune responses, often involving IgE-mediated mast cell and basophil activation, Th2 inflammation, and epithelial dysfunction. While environmental factors are well-known contributors, the genetic components underpinning these conditions … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Feb 27;93:102543. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102543. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Many autoimmune diseases exhibit a strong female bias. While sex hormones may influence sex bias in disease, recent studies suggest that the X chromosome itself directly contributes to female-biased susceptibility to autoimmunity. Females with two X chromosomes utilize X Chromosome Inactivation (XCI) … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Feb 27;93:102542. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102542. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells recognize microbial riboflavin metabolites presented by MR1, a major histocompatibility complex class I-like protein. Activated MAIT cells produce cytokines such as interferon gamma (IFNγ), tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-17; they traffic to sites of infection and participate … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Feb 27;93:102540. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102540. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT During brain inflammation, rigorous regulation of brain-body communication is required for sufficient, but not excessive, immune activation. As a crucial neuroimmune interface, the choroid plexus (ChP) epithelium serves as both a physical barrier between blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and a gateway … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Feb 27;93:102539. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102539. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Activation of autoreactive B cells and production of specific autoantibodies are hallmark features of many autoimmune diseases. B cell differentiation into antibody-secreting cells typically requires help from cognate T cells, which provide both cytokines and cell surface signals in an intricate intercellular … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Feb 26;93:102537. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102537. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Immunotherapy has achieved remarkable advances in cancer treatment by harnessing the immune system to combat tumors, yet its effectiveness remains inconsistent across patients and tumor types. The microbiota, a diverse assemblage of microorganisms residing at host barrier surfaces, is pivotal in shaping … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Feb 26;93:102541. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102541. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The nervous system, like the immune system, constantly interfaces with the environment, encountering threats, including pathogens. Recent discoveries reveal an emerging role for sensory neurons in host defense and immunity. Sensory neurons detect infections either by directly sensing microbial signals or through … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Feb 5;93:102536. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102536. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Tissues deliver not only antigens and cells via afferent lymphatics to draining lymph nodes during immune responses but also deliver soluble molecules that reflect the state of the tissue. In autoimmune diseases, these signals from affected tissues can potentially impact the magnitude … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jan 30;93:102535. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102535. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The key role of nucleic acid sensing receptors in the development of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases is becoming increasingly apparent. Activation of these sensors has been attributed to the failure of professional scavenger cells to adequately clear cell debris, in many cases … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Jan 18;93:102525. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102525. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Energy metabolism of immune cells, such as glycolysis and mitochondrial activity, requires strict regulation. This is especially critical in the complex environment of the bone marrow (BM), where there is a need to both preserve the quiescence of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2024 Dec 16;92:102523. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102523. Online ahead of print. NO ABSTRACT PMID:39689416 | DOI:10.1016/j.coi.2024.102523

Curr Opin Immunol. 2024 Dec 14;92:102512. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102512. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Noncanonical inflammasomes are instrumental in defense against Gram-negative bacteria, activated primarily by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. This review examines commonalities and distinctions in noncanonical inflammasome activation either by virulence factor activity indicating cellular invasion or by detection of bacterial mRNA signaling the undesired presence … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2024 Dec 14;92:102513. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102513. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT This review outlines the outcome of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign in France and assesses the respective roles of information and coercion in its overall success. These data are then put into perspective of the evolution of vaccination acceptance in France. PMID:39675153 | … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2024 Dec 12;92:102511. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102511. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for maintaining immune homeostasis, playing crucial roles in modulating autoimmune conditions and contributing to the suppressive tumor microenvironment. Their cellular metabolism governs their generation, stability, proliferation, and suppressive function. Enhancing Treg metabolism to boost their suppressive … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2024 Dec 10;92:102510. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102510. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Local regulation of T cell-mediated immunity to solid tumors occurs at multiple levels, including their recruitment from the bloodstream to the tumor microenvironment (TME), coordinated crosstalk with different subsets of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) controlling their local survival, proliferation, and effector differentiation, as … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2024 Dec 5;92:102509. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102509. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Allergies result from an antigen-specific loss of tolerance against innocuous foreign substances. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) aims to reverse the pathogenic response and to re-establish physiological tolerance. However, the tolerogenic mechanisms that prevent allergy in healthy and act during AIT are still obscure. … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2024 Dec 4;92:102508. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102508. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a bacterium that accounts for more human mortality than any other. Evidence is accumulating for the view that tuberculosis is an interferonopathy – a disease driven by type I interferons. However, how type I interferons exacerbate … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2024 Nov 25;92:102506. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102506. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Accumulating evidence demonstrates that tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes (TdLNs) act as an upstream reservoir of exhausted subsets within tumor microenvironment (TME). This reservoir primarily consists of progenitor exhausted CD8+ T (TPEX) cells and newly defined tumor-specific memory subsets … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2024 Nov 22;91:102507. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102507. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The immune and nervous systems have co-evolved complex mechanisms to sense environmental dangers and orchestrate a concerted response to safeguard tissue and mobilize host defenses. This sophisticated interplay, marked by a shared repertoire of receptors and ligands, influences disease pathogenesis. Neuro-immune interactions … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2024 Nov 19;91:102505. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102505. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Allergies are among the top causes of chronic disease in children. Their pathogenesis classically involves T helper 2 (Th2)-type inflammation driven by IgE-mediated allergen sensing. Triggers influencing allergic disease occur early in life, including before birth. The immature fetal immune system and … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2024 Nov 14;91:102504. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102504. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The presence of B cells and their subtypes in the tumor environment has been recognized a for very long time. Immunoglobulins specific for more than thousands of tumor-associated antigens were detected in the sera of patients with cancer; however, antibody-mediated cancer cell … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2024 Nov 12;91:102502. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102502. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Much is known about the importance of macrophages for regulating diverse aspects of organismal physiology, alongside their essential roles in inflammation. Relatively unexplored are the processes influencing macrophages’ and monocytes’ ability to invade into the tissues where they carry out these functions. … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2024 Nov 9;91:102501. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102501. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Allergic diseases are acute and chronic inflammatory conditions resulting from disproportionate responses to environmental stimuli. Affecting approximately 40% of the global population, these diseases significantly contribute to morbidity and increasing health care costs. Allergic reactions are triggered by pollen, house dust mites, … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2024 Nov 8;91:102503. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102503. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Type 2 immune responses play a crucial role in host defense against parasitic infections but can also promote the development of allergies and asthma. This response is orchestrated primarily by group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) and helper type 2 (Th2) cells, … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2024 Oct 31;91:102499. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102499. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT As cancer immunotherapy evolves, tissue-resident memory (TRM) cells remain key contributors to the antitumoral immune response due to their ability to mediate local tumor control, high expression of immune checkpoints, potential to respond to immunotherapy, and location across tissue sites where distal … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2024 Oct 28;91:102500. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102500. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Allergic diseases continue to increase in prevalence across the globe. Decades of research has uncovered the cytokines and transcription factors that are central to the allergic immune response, but only in the last few years have we begun to understand the metabolic … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2024 Oct 25;91:102498. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102498. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Aging is one of the greatest risk factors for several chronic diseases and is accompanied by a progressive decline of cellular and organ function. Recent studies have highlighted the changes in metabolism as one of the main drivers of organism dysfunctions during … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2024 Oct 8;91:102472. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102472. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Successful treatment of infectious diseases requires a multiprong approach involving strategies that limit pathogen burdens and that limit disease. Traditionally, disease defense is thought to be a direct function of pathogen killing, and thus, our current methods for treating infections have largely … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2024 Oct 4;91:102491. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102491. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute the primary subset of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Exhibiting both phenotypic and functional heterogeneity, TAMs play distinct roles in tumor initiation, progression, and responses to therapy in patients with cancer. In response to various immune … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2024 Oct 3;91:102497. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102497. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Neutrophils, the first responders of the innate immune system, can turn on a range of effector functions upon activation. Emerging research shows activated neutrophils undergo highly dynamic metabolic rewiring. This metabolic rewiring provides energy and reducing power to fuel effector functions and … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2024 Sep 30;91:102482. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102482. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Five mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLR 3, 7, 8, 9, and 13) recognize nucleic acids (NA) and induce signals that control the function of multiple immune cell types and initiate both innate and adaptive immune responses. While these receptors enable recognition of diverse … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2024 Sep 30;91:102486. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102486. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Emerging studies on the diet-immune axis have uncovered novel dietary immune regulators and identified crucial targets and pathways mediating the crosstalk between specific dietary components and diverse immune cell populations. Here, we discuss the recent discovery and mechanisms by which diet-derived components, … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2024 Oct 1;91:102483. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102483. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT T helper 2 (TH2) cells orchestrate type 2 immunity during protective antihelminth immunity and help restore tissue homoeostasis. Their misdirected activities against innocuous substances also underlie atopic diseases, such as asthma and allergy. Recent technological advances are uncovering novel insights into the … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2024 Oct 1;91:102485. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102485. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Aging, metabolism, and immunity have long been considered distinct domains. Aging is primarily associated with the gradual decline of physiological functions, metabolism regulates energy production and maintains cellular processes, and the immune system manages innate and adaptive responses against pathogens and vaccines. … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2024 Oct 1;91:102484. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102484. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT B cells experience extreme alterations in their metabolism throughout their life cycle, from naïve B cells, which have minimal activity, to germinal centre (GC) B cells, which proliferate at the fastest rate of all cells, to long-lived plasma cells with very high … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2024 Oct 1;91:102494. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102494. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The rise in the prevalence of allergic diseases has become a global health burden. Allergic diseases are a group of immune-mediated disorders characterized by IgE-mediated conditions resulting from a type 2 helper T cell (Th2)-skewed immune response. This review aims to comprehensively … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2024 Oct 1;91:102495. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102495. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Intricate immune regulation is required at mucosal surfaces to allow tolerance to microbiota and harmless allergens and to prevent overexuberant inflammatory responses to pathogens. The cytokine Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a key mediator of mucosal immune regulation. While IL-10 can be produced by … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2024 Sep 27;91:102488. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102488. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic diseases are driven by high-affinity allergen-specific IgE antibodies. IgE antibodies bind to Fc epsilon receptors on mast cells, prompting their degranulation and initiating inflammatory reactions upon allergen crosslinking. While most IgE-producing plasma cells have short lifespans, and IgE … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2024 Sep 27;91:102489. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102489. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Inflammasomes are multiprotein signaling structures in the innate immune system that drive cell death and inflammatory responses. These protein complexes generally comprise an innate immune sensor, the adaptor protein ASC, and the inflammatory protease caspase-1. Inflammasomes are formed when a cytosolic sensor, … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2024 Sep 24;91:102493. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102493. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The prevalence of many chronic noncommunicable diseases has been steadily rising over the past six decades. During this time, humans have been increasingly exposed to substances toxic for epithelial cells, including air pollutants, laundry and dishwashers, household chemicals, toothpaste, food additives, microplastics, … Read more