Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Jan 17:S1933-0219(26)00004-8. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.01.004. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The mechanisms underlying innate lymphoid cell (ILC) development and function in the neonatal lung remain incompletely defined. ILCs are critical mediators of early-life innate immune responses in the lung. Dysregulation of ILC homeostasis has both immediate and long-lasting effects on lung health. We … Read more
BackgroundFerroptosis contributes to epithelial injury and chronic inflammation in ulcerative colitis, yet pharmacologic strategies that durably attenuate ferroptosis and restore barrier function remain limited. 5-O-Methylvisammioside (MeV) is a natura…
BackgroundSepsis-associated liver injury (SALI) increases mortality in critically ill patients but lacks targeted treatments. Although the natural compound Paeoniflorin shows anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory potential, its specific function and m…
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive, endocrine, and metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age, characterized by hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance, and ovulatory dysfunction. Autophagy, a key cellular homeostasis mechanis…
BackgroundThe impaired healing of postoperative anal fistula wounds often complicated by a contaminated environment and persistent inflammation. The key pathological immune events that sustain this chronic inflammatory milieu remain largely unknown. We…
BackgroundSepsis is a devastating condition with a high mortality rate, having garnered significant attention from physicians and scientists. Defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction resulting from a dysregulated host response to infection, sepsis…
BackgroundAtherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder driven by dysregulated lipid metabolism and remains a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity. The Shen−Hong−Tong−Luo (SHTL) preparation has demonstrated clinical benefit in stabilizin…
BackgroudUreteritis and cystitis is a rare immune-related adverse event (irAE) of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), challenging to distinguish from urinary tract infection (UTI), easily leading to missed diagnosis. We aim to describe clinical featur…
IntroductionC-type lectins are important pattern-recognition receptors that play essential roles in innate immune responses by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns. However, their biological functions in Periplaneta americana have not bee…
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the third highly pathogenic coronavirus to emerge in humans in recent decades. Although primarily a respiratory virus, SARS-CoV-2 can invade the central nervous system (CNS), leading to se…
BackgroundNeoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy results in high pathologic response rates in locally advanced oral and oropharyngeal cancer (OC/OPC). It is unclear if patients with clinical T3-4 (cT3-4) OC/OPC at initial diagnosis can sa…
BackgroundNeurosyphilis is a disease of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by Treponema pallidum (syphilis spirochete), which usually presents with a variety of nonspecific symptoms and is easily misdiagnosed. Although Treponema pallidum can remai…
BackgroundSipuleucel-T, the first therapeutic cancer vaccine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), represents a crucial treatment option for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, the characte…
The rising global cancer burden underscores the urgent need for innovative and effective therapies. Molecular and cellular immunology advances have revolutionized cancer immunotherapy, transforming laboratory discoveries into clinical breakthroughs. Th…
Living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) provides superior outcomes for patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) but remains underutilized due to persistent barriers including donor-recipient incompatibility, financial concerns, and limited dono…
BackgroundThe use of molecular allergens have greatly improved the clinical relevance of specific IgE serologies during allergy work-up. Very little is known regarding the added value of molecular allergens in the results of the basophil activation tes…
J Leukoc Biol. 2026 Jan 19:qiag011. doi: 10.1093/jleuko/qiag011. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Age-related decline in neutrophil function reduces vaccine protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae. In vaccinated hosts, neutrophil activation via complement and Fcγ receptors mediates bacterial uptake and killing. Mechanisms behind age-related changes in signaling of these receptors is unknown. Using neutrophils from young and … Read more
J Leukoc Biol. 2026 Jan 19:qiag006. doi: 10.1093/jleuko/qiag006. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Neutrophils release their chromatin with toxic granular proteins as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) when activated. Diabetes exacerbates NET formation (NETosis), resulting in tissue damage and diabetic complications such as non-healing wounds. How diabetes predisposes neutrophils to NETosis remains unclear. Herein, we found … Read more
Nature Reviews Immunology, Published online: 19 January 2026; doi:10.1038/s41577-026-01272-8A new study shows that inflammation spreads from psoriatic skin to joint disease through the migration of skin myeloid precursors to the joints…
Mucosal Immunol. 2026 Jan 16:S1933-0219(26)00005-X. doi: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2026.01.005. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Lung-trafficking helminth larvae drive an early pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation prior to the establishment of the hallmark Type 2 immune response. While IL-11 is known to play crucial roles in chronic inflammatory responses, its role in the mucosal immunity to helminth parasites has not … Read more
ObjectiveTo report a case of advanced lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) harboring KRAS p.G12C and TP53 p.R273C mutations. While immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy offered remarkable clinical benefits, it concurrently induced a fatal endocrine complicat…
ObjectiveColorectal cancer (CRC) ranks among the most prevalent malignancies, with increasing incidence and mortality rates presenting a substantial public health challenge. While insulin growth factor like family member 1 (IGFL1) has been implicated i…
BackgroundChimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy faces multiple challenges in solid tumors, especially the heterogeneity of tumor antigens. Glypican-3 (GPC3) and trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP2) are highly expressed antigens in lung…
Tumefactive demyelination is a rare phenotypic subtype of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) and poses significant diagnostic challenges due to substantial clinical and radiological overlap with intracranial n…
Macrophages are pivotal regulators of immunity, with intercellular communication being a central mechanism of their function. Among these communications, chemokines act as critical messengers in macrophage-T cell crosstalk. This review systematically e…
BackgroundVascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) joins skin, muscle, bone, nerve, and vessels into a single graft that is both highly immunogenic and mechanically complex. Biopolymers, natural or synthetic, can provide structural scaffolding,…
Immunotherapies such as checkpoint blockade, adoptive cell transfer and vaccines can induce durable responses, yet most solid tumors remain refractory because the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is both immunosuppressive and physically difficult t…
IntroductionFunctional autoantibodies targeting G protein–coupled receptors (GPCR-AAbs) have increasingly been implicated in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, their relationships with established autoimmune biomarkers, such as antinuclear …
BackgroundDeep second-degree burns impair skin regeneration and carry high risks of scarring and infection. Achieving healing with minimal immune rejection remains challenging. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), an autologous biomaterial, promotes angiogenesi…
BackgroundSevere community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) is a significant global health challenge due to its high mortality. Despite advances, early diagnosis and effective management remain critical. Tools like radiomics analyze imaging data for risk asse…
BackgroundMelanoma, a highly malignant skin tumor with high metastatic propensity and poor survival in advanced stages, poses a major global public health challenge, as conventional treatments have notable limitations. Tumor immunotherapy, particularly…
Accurate prediction of mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHCT) is essential for individualized treatment decisions, yet existing clinical risk scores capture only a limited number of variables and show modest predic…
Background and objectiveType 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Current therapies fail to address the multiple mechanisms driving disease progression. We developed an oral Salmonella-based vaccine that partially…
IntroductionMacrophages participate in wound healing by contributing to host defense and by orchestrating inflammation and repair. They adapt dynamically to the wound microenvironment by adopting diverse polarization states, which are determinant of wo…
Background and objectivesProliferative lupus nephritis (LN) is a severe pathological type of systemic lupus erythematosus with a high risk of progression to chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. The prognosis of patients with proliferativ…
MZB1 (Marginal Zone B and B1 Cell-Specific Protein), an endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein, has recently garnered significant attention for its role in immune regulation. As a critical modulator within various immune cells, MZB1 influences key proc…
Severe pneumonia-related lung injury is a life-threatening condition associated with high morbidity and mortality. Recent advances in research on the gut-lung axis have provided novel insights into its pathophysiology and revealed potential therapeutic…
BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, characterized by poor prognosis and limited therapeutic efficacy. Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) has demonstrated antitumor potential, yet it…
Human papillomavirus-positive (HPV+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is a peculiar entity, with distinct patient, tumor, and biological characteristics, and a different prognosis compared to HPV-negative (HPV-) OPSCC. Due to the rising in…
IntroductionPhysical activity induces rapid and selective leukocyte mobilization. Among the most responsive cell types to high-intensity exercise are CD8+ T cells, key effectors of immune defense against infected cells and cancer. However, comprehensiv…
IntroductionCandida auris is an emerging, multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen associated with high mortality in immunocompromised individuals. Resistance to current antifungal drugs emphasizes the need for new therapeutic approaches. We investigated gr…
Loss of the casein kinase 1 scaffolding protein FAM83H compromises bone marrow lymphopoiesis, reduces Foxn1 expression in cortical thymic epithelial cells (TEC), disrupts thymic architecture and TEC identity, and ultimately impairs double-negative thymocyte proliferation and T-cell production. ABSTRACT Family of Sequence Similarity 83H (FAM83H/SACK1H) is primarily expressed in epithelial cells, where it interacts with casein … Read more
The MHC-E peptide binding methods described here—nano-differential scanning fluorimetry and fluorescence polarisation—demonstrate shared peptide binding repertoires with subtle binding hierarchy differences for the tested HLA-E and Mamu-E allotypes. When combined, these methods illustrate how minor MHC-E-peptide thermal stability changes equate to significant binding strength differences. ABSTRACT The primary function of MHC-E—human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-E in … Read more
J Leukoc Biol. 2026 Jan 17:qiaf185. doi: 10.1093/jleuko/qiaf185. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Extravasation control of leukocytes and their functional fates are crucial to maintain tissue homeostasis. Leukocyte lineage origin regulates these processes that blood monocytes derived from PDGFRα+ embryonic progenitors (PDGFRα-lineage) extravasate more efficiently to inflamed skin than non-PDGFRα-lineage cells. Here we elucidated the … Read more
Curr Opin Immunol. 2026 Jan 14;99:102720. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102720. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Patients with sarcoidosis can present with a wide range of symptoms that impact their quality of life (QoL). QoL represents one of the most important treatment priorities for patients. Therefore, measuring what matters to patients is of great importance, though it can … Read more
J Leukoc Biol. 2026 Jan 16:qiag004. doi: 10.1093/jleuko/qiag004. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Expression of the Csf1r gene in mice is restricted to cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system and placental trophoblasts. A conserved element (Csf1r upstream regulatory element A, CUREA) in the mouse Csf1r locus contains transcription start sites utilised by trophoblasts and osteoclasts … Read more
Cancer Immunol Res. 2026 Jan 15. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-24-1159. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent the main immune population infiltrating cancers, and their abundance is generally correlated with a poor prognosis. The acquisition of protumor properties by TAMs involves several mechanisms, including expression of immunosuppressive enzymes. In this study, we explored the role … Read more
Semin Immunol. 2026 Jan 14;81:102014. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2026.102014. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT IL-9 promotes airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilia, mast cell expansion, and antibody-mediated inflammation through interactions with mast cells, eosinophils, B cells, and airway and lung macrophages in models of allergic airway disease. IL-9 has increasingly been linked to asthma severity in patients. Early studies primarily … Read more
