Trends in Immunology

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  • Combinatorial immunotherapy drives exhaustion in tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells within the mouse renal tumor microenvironment
    J Immunol. 2026 Mar 17;215(3):vkag013. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag013. ABSTRACT Immunotherapies have greatly improved outcomes for patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), yet response rates remain suboptimal and the factors promoting therapy resistance versus sensitivity are incompletely understood. Currently, no preclinical model of orthotopic renal cancer exists that permits evaluation of tumor antigen-specific (TAS) CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes … Read more
  • Macrophage-intrinsic and IL-9-dependent arginine metabolism promotes lung tumor growth
    J Immunol. 2026 Mar 17;215(3):vkag026. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag026. ABSTRACT Tumor-associated macrophages are an abundant, tumor-infiltrating cell population that supports the evasion of tumor cells from antitumoral immune cell detection by generating an immunosuppressive tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME). The immunosuppressive function of macrophages is dictated by the cytokine environment. IL-9 is a pleiotropic cytokine that can be a … Read more
  • PE_PGRS23 promotes intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by competitively regulating autophagy gene expression through TFEB and USF2
    J Immunol. 2026 Mar 17;215(3):vkag029. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag029. ABSTRACT Autophagy serves as a crucial defense mechanism against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) survival within infected macrophages. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) and upstream stimulatory factor 2 (USF2) belong to the bHLH-Zip family and regulate the transcription of autophagy-related genes, thereby modulating host-pathogen interactions. However, the mechanisms by which Mtb … Read more
  • Cathepsin B promotes asthma potentially via macrophage-associated autophagy and apoptosis
    J Immunol. 2026 Mar 17;215(3):vkag020. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag020. ABSTRACT Asthma is a chronic airway disease driven by type 2 immune responses, a core mechanism shared across allergic conditions. Cathepsins (CTSs), lysosomal proteases that regulate immune processes such as autophagy, antigen presentation, and cytokine modulation, have been implicated in allergy, but whether specific CTSs-particularly cathepsin B (CTSB)-causally … Read more
  • Heterogeneity in inflammatory responses to endotoxin at the fetomaternal interface
    J Immunol. 2026 Mar 17;215(3):vkag014. doi: 10.1093/jimmun/vkag014. ABSTRACT The fetomaternal interface (FMi), comprising fetal chorionic trophoblast cells (CTCs) and maternal decidual stromal cells (DECs), plays a critical role in providing immune tolerance during pregnancy. Intrauterine inflammation is major trigger of adverse outcomes such as preterm birth, yet the cell-specific inflammatory responses at the FMi -; … Read more
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