Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are an important class of cancer treatment. Endocrine immune-related adverse events (E-irAEs) account for a significant proportion of irAEs in ICI-treated patients. Diagnosing E-irAEs accurately and timely can be ch…
Immuno-oncology has revolutionized cancer treatment by mobilizing the immune system to eliminate tumors. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors and T cell therapies have mediated durable responses in hematologic malignancies and select solid tumors, mo…
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a diverse and intricate structure consisting of tumor cells, stromal cells, endothelial cells, and immune cells. It is characterized by the communication between tumor cells and both innate and adaptive immune cells…
Cancer immunotherapy has radically changed the management of several malignancies, and dozens of agents have been approved in the past 15 years. While these advances have changed the field, many challenges lie ahead and must be addressed if we are to …
Cancer is rapidly on the rise as a cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, despite the increasing importance of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as a pillar of cancer therapy, access in these settings …
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have an expanding role in the management of numerous cancers. Hyperglycaemia is commonly seen in patients treated with ICIs. However, the differential diagnosis for hyperglycaemia is broad, and incorrect diagnosis c…
Anti-programmed death (ligand) 1 (anti-PD-(L)1) therapies were first introduced in the metastatic setting and have since been approved and reimbursed for treating early-stage cancers in the adjuvant, perioperative, and neoadjuvant settings in many can…
Ophthalmic immune-related adverse events (Eye-irAEs) from immune checkpoint inhibitors can cause visual morbidity. The absence of standardized definitions for Eye-irAEs not only impedes the development of evidence-based treatments but also progress in…
Cancer immunotherapy has improved the survival of a subset of patients by harnessing the power of the immune system to find and destroy malignant cells. The immune system also protects the host by destroying developing premalignant and malignant tumor…
Clinical trials of cancer immunotherapy (IO) were historically based on a drug development paradigm built for chemotherapies. The remarkable clinical activity of programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death ligand 1 blockade, chimeric antigen rece…
