Background
POD1UM-201, an open-label, single-arm, phase II multiregional study, evaluated efficacy and tolerability of retifanlimab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) in chemotherapy-naive patients with r…
Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown limited response rates in bladder cancer. RC48-antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) shows potential for combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. This study aimed to elucidate RC48-ADC’s mechanism…
Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are the preferred systemic therapy for most patients with advanced Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). However, the optimal duration of treatment for patients responding to ICI is unclear. Emerging data from ret…
Background
Inducible costimulator (ICOS) receptor belongs to the CD28/CTLA immunoglobulin super family, whose expression is restricted to T cells and is weakly expressed on resting TH17, follicular helper T cells, and regulatory T cells, but is highly…
Background
Despite a series of attempts during the last decades, the prognosis for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains poor. Although clinical immunotherapy trials have shown encouraging results, their benefits are limited. This study ai…
Background
Options remain limited for patients requiring later lines of therapy for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) due to poor prognosis and potential toxicities. Therefore, trials of novel combinations of existing therapeutic candidat…
Background
Microbiome manipulation research is focused on developing techniques to modify the gut microbiome and augment responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) represents a potential strategy to overcom…
Background
The phase II NEOMUN trial was conducted to investigate the therapeutic effect of preoperative programmed death receptor-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab for treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Herein, we report the final efficacy, safety,…
Background
Despite improved outcomes with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and their combinations in advanced solid tumors, a subset of patients remains unresponsive or progresses, highlighting an unmet need for novel treatments with durable benefi…
Background
Emerging clinical and mouse tumor data indicate that tumor cells induce immune suppression in an anatomical site-specific manner. In lung metastases, tumor cell programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) engages myeloid cell programmed cell death pr…
