Efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab, lenvatinib, and reduced-dose gemcitabine/oxaliplatin as initial treatment for advanced biliary tract cancer: a multicenter, single-arm, prospective, phase II study

Background
Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is an aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options and a poor prognosis. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy have improved patient outcomes, their toxicity remains concerning. …

CD4+ T cells facilitate the RT-induced abscopal effect by promoting antigen cross-presentation to CD8+ T cells at unirradiated tumor sites

Background
The local effect of radiotherapy (RT) is enhanced by CD8+ T-cell responses elicited through dendritic cell (DC)-mediated cross-presentation of tumor antigens, facilitated by RT-induced damage-associated molecular patterns. The abscopal effe…

Oral immunization with Listeria monocytogenes vaccine enhances immunotherapy for protective immunity in murine models of colorectal cancer

Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death and remains a significant global health challenge. Cancer vaccines have emerged as a promising immunotherapy for long-term tumor control. While Listeria monocytogenes (Lm)-b…

Synergistic effects of anticoagulants and platelet aggregation inhibitors with immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer therapy: a comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical evidence

Background
The rapidly advancing field of cancer therapy has sparked growing interest in the potential synergy between anticoagulation and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Recent research highlights that anticoagulants, traditionally used fo…

Tumor immune microenvironment facilitates resistance to KRAS G12C inhibitor sotorasib by altered PD-L1 expression.

Background
Acquired resistance to KRAS G12C inhibitor sotorasib remains a critical challenge in non-small cell lung cancer treatment. A deeper, rational understanding of resistance mechanisms can enable the development of therapeutic strategies to ove…

Potent antitumor activity through dual targeting of PD-L1 and TGF-{beta} pathways in the glioma tumor microenvironment

Background
Glioblastoma, one of the most aggressive brain tumors, has been largely resistant to conventional immunotherapies, underscoring the need for novel treatment approaches. A promising strategy involves simultaneously inhibiting immunosuppressi…

Targeting RRBP1 reverses immune evasion and enhances immunotherapy efficacy via the CXCL10-CXCR3 axis in bladder cancer

Background
Crosstalk between inflammation and the immune system plays an important role in tumor malignant progression, immune evasion, and immunotherapy efficacy. This study aims to explore the significance of inflammation-associated gene ribosomal-b…

Optimizing anti-PI3K{delta} and anti-LAG-3 immunotherapy dosing regimens in a mouse model of triple-negative breast cancer improves outcome by removing treatment-related adverse events

Background
Current immunotherapy regimens most often fail due to an insufficient T cell response and/or immune-related adverse events (irAEs) which lead to treatment discontinuation. Additionally, many cancers likely require combination immunotherapie…

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