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CRLF2-rearranged B-cell ALL with extramedullary lineage switch to AML following CD19-targeted therapy
Lineage switch (LS) refers to the immunophenotypic transformation of one leukemia lineage to another (ie, lymphoid to myeloid) with retention of baseline genetics. This phenomenon was originally observed in infants with B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL…
Targeted inhibition of the IL5 axis for immune checkpoint inhibitors eosinophilic-induced adverse events
Given the broad implementation of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) for cancer therapy, we encounter a variety of immune-related adverse events (irAE) including immune-related blood eosinophilia. Eosinophilia demonstrated a potential positive predict…
Case report of fatal immune-mediated myocarditis following treatment with davoceticept (ALPN-202), a PD-L1-dependent CD28 costimulator and dual PD-L1/CTLA-4 checkpoint inhibitor, in combination with pembrolizumab
Engagement of programmed death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) can interfere with the CD28 signaling requisite for T-cell activation. While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can relieve this suppression, they are un…