• Aging leads to chronic inflammation and immune dysfunction, heightening the risk of myeloid malignancies like MDS and CMML.
• Both aging and MDS show alterations in monocyte subtypes and function. Aging boosts inflammatory genes upregulation, whereas MDS favors antigen presentation, reflecting distinct immune and disease-specific adaptations.
• MDS shows reduced inflammatory activity in CD14+ cells, whereas CMML exhibits heightened inflammation, highlighting distinct disease mechanisms.