Trends Immunol. 2025 Oct 29:S1471-4906(25)00247-9. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.10.003. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

This essay uses immunology to illuminate human relationships. Moving beyond self/non-self toward danger-based models, it draws parallels between cytokine communication and language, tolerance and forgiveness, microbiota diversity and coexistence. Recognizing these metaphors reveals pathways toward healthier connections within individuals, communities, and societies.

PMID:41168013 | DOI:10.1016/j.it.2025.10.003