Trends in Immunology

Trends Immunol. 2025 Apr 22:S1471-4906(25)00078-X. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.03.004. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The development of ionizable mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (mRNA-LNP) nucleic acid carriers facilitated the clinical translation of the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273. Here, we discuss insights into rational improvements to mRNA vaccines, focusing on LNP modifications for mRNA-LNP biodistribution control, miRNA-based … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Apr 21:S1471-4906(25)00082-1. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.03.008. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Inflammasomes form in response to infection, cellular stress, or damage. Gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in inflammasome receptors have been identified as the underlying cause of severe inflammatory diseases, termed ‘inflammasomopathies’. Recently, molecular interrogation of these diseases revealed several distinctions at the level of the … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Apr 18:S1471-4906(25)00079-1. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.03.005. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT A genealogy of immunity reveals increasingly complex systems for pathogen response, organism homeostasis, and multispecies interaction. New studies show how the five senses can all contribute to behavioral, shared and population level immunity redefining our understanding of the ways organisms communicate among and … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Apr 15:S1471-4906(25)00081-X. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.03.007. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was the first DNA virus identified to be tightly associated with multiple human tumors. It promotes malignant progression of tumors – including related lymphomas, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and gastric adenocarcinoma – in part by evading surveillance and attack by the host … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Apr 15:S1471-4906(25)00077-8. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.03.003. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The Molecular Mechanisms of Immune Cell Development and Function (MMICDF) meeting sponsored by the Federation of American Societies of Experimental Biology (FASEB) occupies a special niche because of its focus on the molecular mechanisms that underpin immunological processes. This biennial meeting with small … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Apr 10:S1471-4906(25)00080-8. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.03.006. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Vaccination campaigns have reshaped infectious disease dynamics, exerting selective pressures on pathogens. While some are controlled, others persist via antigenic variation or reservoirs. This Science & Society explores the evolutionary and ecological impacts of vaccination, highlighting its role in pathogen adaptation and implications … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Apr 11:S1471-4906(25)00058-4. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.02.015. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT In the germinal center (GC), B cells undergo rounds of somatic hypermutation (SHM), proliferation, and positive selection to develop into high-affinity, long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells. It is well established that, upon activation, B cells significantly alter their metabolism, but until … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Mar 31:S1471-4906(25)00059-6. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.03.001. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT While highlighting the complexity and heterogeneity of tumor immune microenvironments, the application of single-cell analyses in human cancers has identified recurrent subsets of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Among these, interleukin (IL)-1β+ TAMs – cells with high levels of expression of inflammatory response and tissue … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Mar 27:S1471-4906(25)00076-6. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.03.002. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 poses significant challenges to existing neutralizing antibodies and vaccines through immune escape mutations. By leveraging genomic surveillance and antibody deep mutational scanning (DMS) data, Raharinirina and colleagues developed a computational framework to elucidate region-specific SARS-CoV-2 variant dynamics and … Read more

Trends Immunol. 2025 Mar 24:S1471-4906(25)00057-2. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.02.014. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Cancer is increasingly prevalent worldwide, often coexisting with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recent breakthroughs reveal the immune system’s pivotal role in eliminating tumors and how the metabolic environment, such as glucose availability, affects antitumor immunity. Diabetes is known to dysregulate both innate and … Read more