Stem-like PD-1+TCF-1+ CD8+ T cells result from helpless priming and rely on CD4+ T-cell help to complete their cytotoxic effector differentiation
Background
Antigen-specific CD8+ T cells can be in a stem-like programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)+TCF-1+ differentiation state that progresses into terminal exhaustion in cancer and chronic infection. These stem-like cells are important, since the…