Background
Although immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, its efficacy in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains limited, largely due to an immunologically “cold” tumor microenvironment with scarce T-cell infiltration. Unrave…
Background
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have a dominating presence in the postoperative period, mediating the suppression of natural killer (NK) cells and promoting cancer metastases after surgery. However, their phenotype and effects on p…
Background
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are key drivers of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), thereby limiting the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
Methods
Bot…
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health challenge with high mortality rates, particularly in patients with advanced disease and lung metastasis. T-cell receptor (TCR)-T cell therapy based on specific neoantigens, is an emerging tr…
Background
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains largely refractory to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy. Insufficient T cell infiltration, a highly immunosuppressive microenvironment, and antigen loss pose major challenges for …
Background
Elevated levels of SPP1+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are associated with reduced CD8+ T cell infiltration and poorer prognosis in cancer patients, but direct evidence demonstrating a causal role for SPP1+ TAMs in excluding CD8+ T ce…
Background
Bispecific T cell engagers have demonstrated promising clinical progress in both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors; however, their therapeutic efficacy is still limited by multiple challenges including T cell anergy resulting from s…
Background
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is a key enzyme in fatty acid (FA) metabolism that catalyzes the addition of a cis double bond to palmitic and stearic saturated FAs, producing palmitoleic and oleic monounsaturated FAs, respectively. Interl…
Background
While cancer vaccines have demonstrated promising clinical potential, their therapeutic efficacy against advanced tumors remains suboptimal, highlighting the critical need to elucidate resistance mechanisms and develop targeted solutions. W…
Background
Neoadjuvant immunotherapy has reshaped the treatment paradigm for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), yet mechanisms of resistance in non-responders remain poorly understood. Specifically, the spatial orchestration of the tumor micro…
