Background
Intratumoral regulatory T cells (Tregs) are associated with diminished antitumor immunity and poor prognosis in many cancers, with tumor-infiltrating effector Tregs expressing high levels of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA…
Background
Colorectal cancer often develops from adenomas over years, necessitating early intervention. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are major immune suppressive cell types in colon cancer development from adenomas through early inflammati…
Background
Tumor neoantigen vaccines typically require multiple prime-boost immunizations over several weeks or even months to elicit sufficient neoantigen-specific T-cell responses, which greatly limits their effectiveness against rapidly progressing…
Background
Immunotherapies have revolutionized cancer care in recent decades, but approved therapies often fail and currently only target specific steps in the generation of anti-cancer immune responses. Notably, the majority of approved immunotherapi…
Background
Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), a central adaptor in cytosolic RNA sensing, is critical for antitumor innate immunity and maintains mitochondrial homeostasis via its mitochondrial localization. Mitochondrial dysfunction ac…
Introduction
Understanding the negative regulatory mechanisms of immune cell functions is essential for developing effective tumor immunotherapy strategies. Macrophages play a crucial role in antitumor immunity; however, the mechanisms that negatively…
Background
CCR4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are widely present in peripheral circulation and tumor microenvironment (TME), promote tumor immune evasion by infiltrating human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) tumors in a chemok…
Background
Stem-like progenitor exhausted CD8+ T cells (TPEX), located within the tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs), are responsible for maintaining tumor-specific responses in cancer. Although cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-15 are known to expan…
Background
Osteosarcoma patients with high propensity for metastasis and recurrence generally encounter a poor prognosis. Despite the extensive exploration of immunotherapy, particularly the anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) antibody, i…
Background
The immunomodulatory roles of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in gastric cancer have been increasingly recognized. This study aimed to identify specific CAF subpopulations and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying their immunosuppress…
