The rapid expansion of immuno-oncology (I-O) and other advanced therapies is reshaping the complexity of early-phase clinical development. While core Phase I principles remain fundamental across oncology, emerging modalities introduce additional requi…
Natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy is an increasingly important cancer treatment strategy because of its innate cytotoxicity, allogeneic potential, and compatibility with off-the-shelf manufacturing. We analyzed 287 clinical trials identifie…
Gastric cancer (GC) remains a major clinical challenge, with most patients exhibiting primary resistance to anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (anti-PD-1) immunotherapy and a lack of effective predictive biomarkers. Most advanced GC presents as immu…
In the 19th century, Rudolf Virchow observed lymphocyte infiltration in tumors and suggested a potential link between cancer and inflammation. Current explanations for the origin of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are based on the interaction between c…
This commentary discusses the phase I study of fecal microbiota transplantation plus anti-programmed cell death protein 1 therapy in refractory microsatellite-stable gastric cancer. We suggest that this strategy should be treated as a pharmacomicrobio…
This correspondence provides a methodological commentary on the recent study by Nishio et al, which used single-cell RNA sequencing (CITE-seq) to identify circulating immune biomarkers for combination immunotherapies in advanced hepatocellular carcino…
Why are clonal neoantigens paradoxically rare in established tumors? Why does tumor-associated antigen (TAA) burden inversely correlate with T-cell infiltration? Why do damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP)/danger signal-inducing interventions (m…
While conventionally viewed as a defense against external pathogens, we posit that the adaptive immune system likely evolved primarily to preserve internal epithelial order. We propose that adaptive immunity, with combinatorial diversity emerging ~0.5…
This study maps the global clinical trial landscape of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell therapy across malignancies and selected immune-related disorders, based on 199 interventional trials retrieved from the Informa database up to February 2026. An…
The results of a recent comprehensive investigation—confirmed in multiple cohorts—show that patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, who favorably responded to anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy, were enriched in IgG1-produ…
