Preclinical model for evaluating human TCRs against chimeric syngeneic tumors

Background
The adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells targeting the HLA-A2-restricted epitope NY-ESO-1157-165 (A2/NY) has yielded important clinical responses against several cancers. A variety of approaches are being…

Preclinical development of three novel CARs targeting CD79b for the treatment of non-Hodgkins lymphoma and characterization of the loss of the target antigen

Background
Infusion of T cells modified with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting CD19 has achieved exceptional responses in patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), which led to the approval of CAR targeting CD19 (CART19) (Axi-cel and…

Local cell therapy using CCL19-expressing allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells exerts robust antitumor effects by accumulating CD103+ IL-12-producing dendritic cells and priming CD8+ T cells without involving draining lymph nodes

Background
Immune checkpoint blockade is a promising anticancer therapy, whereas the presence of T cells in tumor sites is indispensable for its therapeutic efficacy. To promote the infiltration of T cells and dendritic cells (DCs) into the tumor, we …

CAR T cells secreting NGF-neutralizing scFv enhance efficacy in clear cell renal cell carcinoma by relieving immunosuppression through immunosympathectomy

Background
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have demonstrated remarkable breakthroughs in treating hematologic malignancies, yet their efficacy in solid tumors is limited by the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Sympathetic nerves significant…

DNA barcoded peptide-MHC multimers to measure and monitor minor histocompatibility antigen-specific T cells after allogeneic stem cell transplantation

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) provides a curative treatment option for hematological malignancies. After HLA-matched alloSCT, donor-derived T cells recognize minor histocompatibility antigens (MiHAs), which are polymorphic peptides pr…

Integrating binding affinity and tonic signaling enables a rational CAR design for augmented T cell function

Background
The success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for hematological malignancies has not yet translated into long-term elimination of solid tumors indicating the need for adequately tuning CAR T cell functionality.

Methods
We l…

ICOS-expressing CAR-T cells mediate durable eradication of triple-negative breast cancer and metastasis

Background
The failure of conventional therapies and the propensity for recurrence and metastasis make triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) a formidable challenge with grim prognoses and diminished survival rates. Immunotherapy, including immune check…

In situ endoscopic photodynamic therapy combined with immature DC vaccination induces a robust T cell response against peritoneal carcinomatosis

Background
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) and ferroptosis have recently emerged as key factors in the anticancer immune response. Among the treatments able to induce ICD and the associated release of danger signals is photodynamic therapy (PDT). Ferropt…

Microenvironmental alkalization promotes the therapeutic effects of MSLN-CAR-T cells

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by high invasion, prone metastasis, frequent recurrence and poor prognosis. Unfortunately, the curative effects of current clinical therapies, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immu…

NSGS mice humanized with cord blood mononuclear cells show sustained and functional myeloid-lymphoid representation with limited graft-versus-host disease

Humanized immunodeficient mice serve as critical models for investigating the functional interplay between transplanted human cells and a pre-reconstituted human immune system. These models facilitate the study of molecular and cellular pathogenic mec…

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