NAD+ metabolism enzyme NNMT in cancer-associated fibroblasts drives tumor progression and resistance to immunotherapy by modulating macrophages in urothelial bladder cancer

Background
This study comprehensively investigates the association between the expression of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) and clinical outcomes of urothelial bladder cancer (UBC), as well as the molecular mechanisms by which NNMT in cancer-…

Density of tertiary lymphoid structures predicts clinical outcome in breast cancer brain metastasis

Background
Patients with breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) experience a rapid decline in their quality of life. Recently, tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs), analogs of secondary lymphoid organs, have attracted extensive attention. However, the p…

ImmunoPET imaging of LAG-3 expression in tumor microenvironment with 68Ga-labelled cyclic peptides tracers: from bench to bedside

Background
Lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) has been considered as the next generation of immune checkpoint and a promising prognostic biomarker of immunotherapy. As with programmed cell death protein-1/programmed death-ligand 1 and cytotoxic T-ly…

Impact of LAG-3/FGL1 pathway on immune evasive contexture and clinical outcomes in advanced urothelial carcinoma

Background
Anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1)/anti-PD-ligand-1 (PD-L1) pathway inhibition is a standard regimen for advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC); however, its limited efficacy has been reflected in reported medium response rates. This study explored…

Peptide-based PET tracer targeting LAG-3 for evaluating the efficacy of immunotherapy in melanoma

Background
Lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) is expressed on activated immune cells and has emerged as a promising target for immune checkpoints blockade. However, conflicting findings have been reported regarding the association between LAG-3 expr…

Pretreatment CT-based machine learning radiomics model predicts response in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with lenvatinib plus PD-1 inhibitors and interventional therapy

Background
Lenvatinib plus PD-1 inhibitors and interventional (LPI) therapy have demonstrated promising treatment effects in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, biomarkers for predicting the response to LPI therapy remain to be furth…

TCF1-positive and TCF1-negative TRM CD8 T cell subsets and cDC1s orchestrate melanoma protection and immunotherapy response

Background
Melanoma, the most lethal form of skin cancer, has undergone a transformative treatment shift with the advent of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy (CBI). Understanding the intricate network of immune cells infiltrating the tumor and orchest…

Mapping the complexity and diversity of tertiary lymphoid structures in primary and peritoneal metastatic gastric cancer

Background
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are thought to stimulate antitumor immunity and positively impact prognosis and response to immune checkpoint blockade. In gastric cancers (GCs), however, TLSs are predominantly found in GC with poor prog…

Immune predictors of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in mismatch repair-deficient endometrial cancer

Background
Patients with mismatch repair-deficient (MMRd) endometrial cancer (EC) can derive great benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). However not all responses and predictors of primary resistance are lacking.

Methods
We compared the im…

Extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer in patients receiving atezolizumab plus carboplatin-etoposide: stratification of outcome based on a composite score that combines gene expression profiling and immune characterization of microenvironment

Purpose
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease with a dismal prognosis. The addition of immune checkpoints inhibitors to standard platinum-based chemotherapy in first-line setting achieves a durable benefit only in a patient subgroup. …

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