Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in combination with antiangiogenic drugs have shown promising outcomes in the third-line and subsequent treatments of patients with microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer (MSS-mCRC). Radiother…
Background
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common histologic type of RCC. However, the spatial and functional heterogeneity of immunosuppressive cells and the mechanisms by which their interactions promote immunosuppression in the …
Background
Although tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) has been recognized as an attractive next-generation candidate target for cancer immunotherapy, the factors that regulate the gene expression and their mechanistic effects on tumor-infiltrat…
Introduction
Despite significant successes, immune checkpoint blockade fails to achieve clinical responses in a significant proportion of patients, predictive markers for responses are imperfect and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are unpredicta…
Background
Granzyme B (GrB) is a key effector molecule, delivered by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells during immune surveillance to induce cell death. Fusion proteins and immunoconjugates represent an innovative therapeutic approach to…
Background
Amplification of the programmed cell death-ligand 1 gene (CD274) is highly prevalent and associated with a high response rate to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in lymphomas, and is also a potential biomarker for ICI treatment of solid …
Background
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) within the tumor microenvironment have been associated with cancer prognosis and therapeutic response. However, the immunological pattern of a high peritumoral TLS (pTLS) density and its clinical potential…
Background
Nutritional stress is a mechanism that allows tumor cells to evade the immune system. Arginine (ARG), an amino acid involved in immunomodulation, aids in regulating T-lymphocyte cell activity and the antitumor response. ARG deficiency in th…
Background
For best efficacy, vaccines must provide long-lasting immunity. To measure longevity, memory from B and T cells are surrogate endpoints for vaccine efficacy. When antibodies are insufficient for protection, the immune response must rely on …
Background
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved survival outcomes in melanoma. Studies exploring the correlations between body mass index (BMI), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and the outcomes of ICI treatment have yielded inconsistent results. I…
