Peptide-based PET tracer targeting LAG-3 for evaluating the efficacy of immunotherapy in melanoma

Background
Lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3) is expressed on activated immune cells and has emerged as a promising target for immune checkpoints blockade. However, conflicting findings have been reported regarding the association between LAG-3 expr…

Pretreatment CT-based machine learning radiomics model predicts response in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with lenvatinib plus PD-1 inhibitors and interventional therapy

Background
Lenvatinib plus PD-1 inhibitors and interventional (LPI) therapy have demonstrated promising treatment effects in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, biomarkers for predicting the response to LPI therapy remain to be furth…

TCF1-positive and TCF1-negative TRM CD8 T cell subsets and cDC1s orchestrate melanoma protection and immunotherapy response

Background
Melanoma, the most lethal form of skin cancer, has undergone a transformative treatment shift with the advent of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy (CBI). Understanding the intricate network of immune cells infiltrating the tumor and orchest…

Mapping the complexity and diversity of tertiary lymphoid structures in primary and peritoneal metastatic gastric cancer

Background
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are thought to stimulate antitumor immunity and positively impact prognosis and response to immune checkpoint blockade. In gastric cancers (GCs), however, TLSs are predominantly found in GC with poor prog…

Immune predictors of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in mismatch repair-deficient endometrial cancer

Background
Patients with mismatch repair-deficient (MMRd) endometrial cancer (EC) can derive great benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). However not all responses and predictors of primary resistance are lacking.

Methods
We compared the im…

Extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer in patients receiving atezolizumab plus carboplatin-etoposide: stratification of outcome based on a composite score that combines gene expression profiling and immune characterization of microenvironment

Purpose
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease with a dismal prognosis. The addition of immune checkpoints inhibitors to standard platinum-based chemotherapy in first-line setting achieves a durable benefit only in a patient subgroup. …

Autoantibody-positivity before and seroconversion during treatment with anti-PD-1 is associated with immune-related adverse events in patients with melanoma

Introduction
Treatment with the immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) often causes immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Since irAEs resemble autoimmune diseases, autoantibodies might play a role and could potentiall…

Correlation of Ktrans derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI with treatment response and survival in locally advanced NSCLC patients undergoing induction immunochemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of pretreatment dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI parameters concerning tumor response following induction immunochemotherapy and survival outcomes in patients with locally advanced…

Circulating receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) levels predict response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

Background
Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) can directly promote tumor growth and indirectly support tumor immune evasion by altering the tumor microenvironment and immune cell responses. This study aimed to assess the progn…

Exploring the predictive potential of programmed death ligand 1 expression in healthy organs and lymph nodes as measured by 18F-BMS986-192 PET: pooled analysis of data from four solid tumor types

Introduction
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can elicit anticancer immune responses, but predictive biomarkers are needed. We measured programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in organs and lymph nodes using 18F-BMS-986192 positron emission to…

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