Background
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are promising immunotherapeutics to treat immunologically cold tumors. However, research on the mechanism of action of OVs in humans and clinically relevant biomarkers is still sparse. To induce strong T-cell respons…
Background
Intratumoral oncolytic herpes simplex virus 2-GM CSF (OH2) injection has shown safety and antitumor efficacy in patients with solid tumors. Here, we examined the safety and efficacy of OH2 as a single agent or in combination with HX008, an …
Background
Siglec-E is an immune checkpoint inhibitory molecule. Expression of Siglec-E on the immune cells has been shown to promote tumor regression. This study aimed to develop an adenovirus (Ad) vaccine targeting Siglec-E and carbonic anhydrase IX…
Background
The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) has become a dominant regimen in modern cancer therapy, however immune resistance induced by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) with immune suppressive and evasion properties limits responses….
Objective
Targeting CD47 for cancer immunotherapy has been studied in many clinical trials for the treatment of patients with advanced tumors. However, this therapeutic approach is often hampered by on-target side effects, physical barriers, and immun…
Background
Oncolytic adenoviruses (OAds) are the most clinically tested viral vectors for solid tumors. However, most clinically tested “Armed” OAds show limited antitumor effects in patients with various solid tumors even with increased dosages and m…
Background
Although immunotherapy can reinvigorate immune cells to clear tumors, the response rates are poor in some patients. Here, CD47 antibody-engineered oncolytic viruses (oAd-αCD47) were employed to lyse tumors and activate immunity. The o…
Background
Interleukin-18 (IL-18), or interferon (IFN)–inducing factor, potentiates T helper 1 and natural killer cell activation as well as CD8+ T-cell proliferation. Recombinant IL-18 has displayed limited clinical efficacy in part due to the expre…
Background
Antibodies blocking programmed death (PD)-1 or its ligand (PD-L1) have revolutionized cancer care, but many patients do not experience durable benefits. Novel treatments to stimulate antitumor immunity are needed in the PD-(L)1 refractory s…
Background
Immune checkpoint protein V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) controls antitumor immunity and is a valuable target for cancer immunotherapy. Previous mechanistic studies have indicated that VISTA impairs the toll…
