Background
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common malignant type of pancreatic cancer, is characterized by a dense desmoplastic stroma, low neoantigen burden, and a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME).
Methods
We p…
Background
Renal carcinoma remains a highly lethal malignancy, and tumor vaccine efficacy is frequently hampered by a profoundly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. V-domain Ig suppressor of T-cell activation (VISTA), an inhibitory immune checkp…
Background
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-based vaccination represents a promising immunotherapeutic strategy for prostate cancer; however, its efficacy remains constrained by tumor-induced immune evasion and insufficient activation of anti…
Background
To date, no radioimmunotherapy (RIT) regimen has been approved by US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of pancreatic cancers. Highly desmoplastic and immune-desert phenotypes of pancreatic cancer remain two major hurdles that a…
Background
Peritoneal metastasis (PM) from gastric cancer (GC) is associated with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. We investigated a novel peritoneal-targeted therapy using CF33-human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS), a chimeric orthopoxvir…
Background
Oncolytic virotherapy represents a promising anticancer strategy by combining direct tumor lysis with in situ immune activation. However, its efficacy remains limited in immune-cold tumors, which are characterized by poor T-cell infiltratio…
Background
The liver’s inherently immunosuppressive microenvironment presents a major barrier to effective immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although interleukin-10 (IL-10) has demonstrated antitumor activity in several cancer mo…
Background
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy represents a promising frontier in oncology, but its application to high-grade gliomas (HGG) is challenged by the blood-brain barrier, limited efficacy, and significant toxicities associated …
Background
Liver metastases of colorectal cancer are one of the leading causes of mortality in patients with colorectal cancer. Oncolytic virus immunotherapy has demonstrated significant potential in tumor treatment; however, most oncolytic viruses ar…
Background
Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized treatment, offering new hope for patients with previously hard-to-treat cancers. However, many solid tumors are classified as non-inflamed, meaning they are less responsive to immunotherapies. This un…
