Background
The CpG/α-OX40 in situ vaccine strategy has shown efficacy in immune-hot tumors but remains ineffective in immune-cold tumors possibly due to immunosuppressive microenvironments characterized by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs…
Background
Despite breakthroughs in immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), tumor immune evasion remains a major limitation to immunotherapy efficacy. PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) has highlighted roles i…
Background
Neutralization of interferon (IFN)- abrogates the efficacy of anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-(L)1) checkpoint inhibitors. Most epithelial cells do not constitutively express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II but can be ind…
Background
Areca nut is the fourth most addictive substance worldwide and is a known Group 1 carcinogen. Chronic areca nut chewing has been strongly associated with the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), although the underlying carcin…
Background
Colorectal carcinoma exhibits high heterogeneity, comprising subtypes that show poor efficacy of T cell-based immunotherapies, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) checkpoint inhibitors. Although natural killer (NK) cells are cons…
Background
Adoptive cell transfer-based immunotherapy holds promise for treating advanced cancer. However, a key challenge remains: generating sufficient numbers of lymphocytes capable of recognizing and targeting a broad range of cancer antigens. We …
Background
T-cell exhaustion induced by the tumor microenvironment is an important factor in posing a major challenge to effective cancer immunotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors aim to reverse T-cell exhaustion. However, the effectiveness of immun…
Background
Enhancing immunogenicity and antigen-presentation efficiency is critical for tumor vaccine development. While yeast-surface glycoprotein side chains can improve antigen presentation, their ability to deliver tumor antigens remains limited.
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Background
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, while transformative in cancer treatment, is frequently complicated by immune-related colitis (irColitis), driven by poorly understood mechanisms.
Methods
An integrated analysis of single-cell RNA …
Background
Personalized cancer vaccines targeting tumor-specific neoantigens (nAgs) are an emerging therapeutic strategy, particularly effective in early-stage disease before immune suppression is established. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonst…
