Cancer Immunology Reserch

Automated Computational Flow Cytometry Correlates Decreasing Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio to Improved Survival in NSCLC After Immune Checkpoint Blockade

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Cancer Immunol Res. 2026 May 6. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-25-0662. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy is transforming non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment and prolonging overall survival (OS). However, not all patients are responsive. Using computational cytometry analysis to identify immune cell subsets and early dynamic changes, we aimed to unravel the … Read more

UBA2-High Osteosarcoma Suppresses Immune Infiltration by Autophagy-Mediated MHC-I Degradation

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Cancer Immunol Res. 2026 May 5. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-25-1321. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Osteosarcoma (OS) responds poorly to immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB), and the molecular drivers of its immune-cold state remain unclear. Using multi-omics analyses, we identified an immune-cold OS subtype characterized by enrichment of protein SUMOylation and found the SUMO E1 subunit UBA2 as a … Read more

Cancer cell-intrinsic SSBP4 enables tumor immune evasion by promoting cholesterol biosynthesis

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Cancer Immunol Res. 2026 Apr 29. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-25-1312. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes to resistance against checkpoint inhibitors. However, the precise factors that shape the immune contexture of the TME remain elusive. Here, we report that Single-Stranded DNA Binding Protein 4 (SSBP4), a previously uncharacterized protein, suppresses intratumoral T-cell … Read more

Tumor-derived complement C3 overexpression in STK11-mutant lung adenocarcinoma drives tumor growth and immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance

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Cancer Immunol Res. 2026 Apr 28. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-25-0534. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Loss-of-function STK11 mutations occur in 15-20% of lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) and correlate with immunotherapy failure and worse survival. By integrating analysis of human tumor samples, a human LUAD cell line panel, and CCLE and TCGA datasets, we found that C3 production was … Read more

Lenvatinib combined with PD-1 blockade therapy benefits gastric cancers through immunosuppressive macrophage modulation

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Cancer Immunol Res. 2026 Apr 27. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-25-0982. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The combination of multikinase inhibitors with PD-1 blockade therapy has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome resistance to PD-1 blockade monotherapy across multiple cancer types, including gastric cancer (GC). Here, we report that the multikinase inhibitor lenvatinib selectively reduced the number … Read more

An ICAM1-targeting chimeric costimulatory receptor mimics the immune synapse and enhances tumor-specific T cell function

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Cancer Immunol Res. 2026 Apr 27. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-25-0529. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Engineered T cell therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and T cell receptor (TCR)-based approaches, have transformed outcomes in hematological malignancies, yet their efficacy in solid tumors remains limited by tumor antigen escape, immunosuppressive microenvironments, and insufficient activation of CAR or … Read more

NMB+ CXCL13+ CD4+ T cells -derived neuromedin-B promotes neuropeptide S receptor 1 positive malignant cells senescence and malignancy

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Cancer Immunol Res. 2026 Apr 24. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-25-1081. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Colorectal cancer (CRC) with liver metastases (CRCLM) remains a clinical challenge. CXCL13 is widely recognized as a biomarker of immunotherapy response. However, the functional heterogeneity (protumor vs. antitumor) of CXCL13⁺CD4⁺ T cell subsets has long been controversial. Through integrated analysis of single-cell … Read more

Low inflammation correlates with protumor Tim4+TREM1+ resident macrophage expansion and limited monocyte-derived macrophage differentiation during peritoneal colorectal cancer

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Cancer Immunol Res. 2026 Apr 23. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-25-0388. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Accumulating evidence indicates that peritoneal macrophages, comprising resident peritoneal macrophages (resMØs) and monocyte-derived non-resident macrophages (moMØs), contribute to peritoneal tumor progression, by promoting tumor cell proliferation and migration, and driving immunosuppression. However, the mechanisms governing the expansion of resMØs and moMØs, as … Read more

Targeted TNF Potentiates the Activity of Bispecific T-cell Engagers in Solid Tumors by Turning Cold Tumors Hot

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Cancer Immunol Res. 2026 Apr 21:OF1-OF14. doi: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-25-1572. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Colorectal cancer remains a major global health burden and an area of urgent unmet medical need. Immunotherapy has shown limited success in colorectal cancer as most patients present with an immune-excluded, “cold” tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, we report a dual-modality … Read more

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