Curr Opin Immunol. 2026 Jan 8;99:102716. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102716. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Sarcoidosis is a complex and heterogenous disease of which the diagnosis is based on clinical and radiological findings, histopathology showing non-caseating granulomas, and exclusion of other granulomatous diseases. Several tools are well established in the diagnostic pathway, such as pulmonary function tests, … Read more
Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Dec 22;98:102712. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102712. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Sjögren’s disease (SjD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which sustained B-cell activation drives glandular injury and systemic complications. Epithelial stress and interferon tone amplify B-cell activating factor (BAFF)-dependent survival, skewing selection toward autoreactive clones in both glands and blood. In addition, … Read more
Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Dec 22;98:102713. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102713. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The intestinal microbiota transforms dietary components into bioactive metabolites that profoundly influence mucosal and systemic immunity. Short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids and tryptophan-derived indoles are among the most studied microbial metabolites shaping T, B and innate immune cell functions through a … Read more
Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Dec 19;98:102711. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102711. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The complement system is a central component of innate immunity, mediating opsonization, chemotaxis, cytolysis, and shaping adaptive responses. Deficiencies in complement proteins, whether inherited or acquired, predispose to severe infections, particularly with encapsulated bacteria such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Although … Read more
Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Dec 16;98:102709. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102709. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disorder characterized by noncaseating epithelioid granulomata, most commonly involving the lungs and thoracic lymph nodes. Although definitive diagnosis relies on tissue biopsy, characteristic findings detected on computed tomography (CT) often allow a confident diagnosis. Atypical imaging patterns, … Read more
Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Dec 16;98:102705. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102705. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Despite multiple alloantigenic differences in every allotransfusion, only 3-6% of transfusion recipients develop a detectable alloantibody even with multiple transfusions. Moreover, patients typically become alloimmunized only to some of the alloantigens to which they are exposed. In recent decades, precursor frequency of … Read more
Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Dec 16;98:102710. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102710. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Indole is an abundant metabolite in the mammalian gut. Both mammals and microorganisms sense it. Indole is a signal used to communicate and gauge the gut environment. Indole is produced by bacteria that encode the tryptophanase enzyme. However, indole sensing is not … Read more
Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Dec 11;98:102708. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102708. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) has been recognized as an important communication network between the gut and the brain. This network operates through immune, neural, and endocrine pathways, wherein microbiota-derived metabolites act as essential messengers regulating MGBA. Among gut metabolites, indole and its … Read more
Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Dec 11;98:102707. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102707. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Sjögren’s disease (SjD) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by a striking tropism for epithelial tissues, particularly the salivary and lacrimal glands. Lack of function of the salivary glands (SGs) leads to a panoply of symptoms, dramatically reducing patient quality of life. … Read more
Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Dec 9;98:102706. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102706. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Tryptophan (TRP) metabolism has long been associated with cancer immunity, primarily through the kynurenine pathway mediated by indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2). Both enzymes can deplete TRP within cells and in local microenvironments, triggering dysfunction of T cells with anti-tumor functions. … Read more
