Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Apr 9;94:102555. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102555. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the joints that can affect individuals at any age of life. While involvement of the immune system in RA has long been clear, current treatments remain limited to interventions that broadly suppress immune … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Apr 3;94:102554. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102554. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Autoimmune diseases arise when self-antigen-specific T and B cells escape central and peripheral mechanisms of tolerance. One such mechanism is control of autoreactivity by regulatory T cells (Tregs), which have an essential role in suppressing autoimmunity. Consequently, there is significant interest in … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Apr 1;94:102553. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102553. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from T cell-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, requiring lifelong insulin therapy and glycemic monitoring. While genetic risk, particularly HLA class II, is well established, rising T1D incidence and earlier onset suggest environmental modifiers. Mouse models show that … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Mar 25;94:102552. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102552. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Given the growing evidence linking microglia to the onset and progression of various neurodegenerative diseases, these brain-resident macrophages have emerged as a promising cell type for targeted therapeutic interventions. This review highlights recent studies that utilized innovative, microglia-focused strategies for the treatment … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Feb 27;94:102538. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102538. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Allergic diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergies, are driven by dysregulated immune responses, often involving IgE-mediated mast cell and basophil activation, Th2 inflammation, and epithelial dysfunction. While environmental factors are well-known contributors, the genetic components underpinning these conditions … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Feb 27;93:102539. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102539. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Activation of autoreactive B cells and production of specific autoantibodies are hallmark features of many autoimmune diseases. B cell differentiation into antibody-secreting cells typically requires help from cognate T cells, which provide both cytokines and cell surface signals in an intricate intercellular … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Feb 27;93:102543. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102543. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Many autoimmune diseases exhibit a strong female bias. While sex hormones may influence sex bias in disease, recent studies suggest that the X chromosome itself directly contributes to female-biased susceptibility to autoimmunity. Females with two X chromosomes utilize X Chromosome Inactivation (XCI) … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Feb 27;93:102542. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102542. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells recognize microbial riboflavin metabolites presented by MR1, a major histocompatibility complex class I-like protein. Activated MAIT cells produce cytokines such as interferon gamma (IFNγ), tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-17; they traffic to sites of infection and participate … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Feb 27;93:102540. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102540. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT During brain inflammation, rigorous regulation of brain-body communication is required for sufficient, but not excessive, immune activation. As a crucial neuroimmune interface, the choroid plexus (ChP) epithelium serves as both a physical barrier between blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and a gateway … Read more

Curr Opin Immunol. 2025 Feb 26;93:102537. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2025.102537. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Immunotherapy has achieved remarkable advances in cancer treatment by harnessing the immune system to combat tumors, yet its effectiveness remains inconsistent across patients and tumor types. The microbiota, a diverse assemblage of microorganisms residing at host barrier surfaces, is pivotal in shaping … Read more