There are no effective approaches to overcome the immunosuppressive activity of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). De Leo et al. report that monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), but not microglia (MGs), are major contributors to the immunosuppression…
The ubiquitin-binding endoribonuclease N4BP1 integrates signals from multiple innate immune receptors to regulate inflammatory cytokine responses. Gitlin et al. find that N4BP1 acts in concert with the noncanonical IκB kinases, TBK1 and IKKε, to suppre…
Mulè et al. provide a framework for integrating human population and single-cell variations to study vaccine responses with and without the adjuvant AS03. They uncover AS03-specific B cell survival and innate-sensing signatures 1 day after vaccination….
Multilayered gene regulation orchestrates cell-type-specific cytokine expression. Liu et al. examine the impact of chromatin loop formation on the expression of IFN-γ and IL-22, which are cytokine loci closely located in the genome, and identify an ind…
TLR7 is critical for recognizing RNA virus infection and initiating antiviral responses. Bérouti et al. demonstrate how RNase T2 and PLD exonucleases generate RNA fragments for TLR7 activation, thus providing insights into immune recognition of exogeno…
Regulatory T (Treg) cells in epidydimal visceral adipose tissue (eVAT) regulate metabolic homeostasis. Wang et al. identify a distinct compartment of eVAT-Treg cells that rein in the differentiation of adipocytes from stromal progenitors via the molecu…
In skin injury, the inflammatory environment can impact repair mediated by skin stem cells. Luan, Truong, Vuchkovska, et al. show that hair follicle stem cells migrate into the wound, activate immune-modulatory molecules, and expand extrathymic regulat…
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) play critical roles in gut homeostasis. Das et al. show that transcription factor Tox2 is required by ILC3 to metabolically adapt to the gut environment. They identify interleukin (IL)-17 as an important signal that…
Differences in glycosylation prevent antibodies from widely engaging the otherwise conserved hemagglutinin (HA) stem of influenza A viruses (IAVs). Ray et al. deploy a humanized mouse to elicit a broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) response that resul…
Cholesterol increases macrophage-mediated inflammation, but how oxysterols control tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) remains unclear. Xiao et al. show that TAMs exhibit elevated expression of CH25H, resulting in lysosome-accumulated 25HC that activat…
