Neutrophils are heterogeneous, but the mechanisms underlying their ability to polarize remain unclear. In this issue of Immunity, Gour et al. demonstrate that the GPCR Mrgpra1 and the neuropeptide NPFF, molecules involved in pain and itch, direct neutr…
Tight regulation of immune responses is critical. In this review, Sharpe and colleagues review inhibitory members of the B7-CD28 family and their roles in regulating immune responses with an emphasis on CTLA-4, PD-1, and the increasingly complex networ…
Antibodies can initiate immune receptor signaling. Lippert et al. provide mechanistic insight into this effect, showing that antibody agonists trigger receptor signaling by locally excluding receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases from sites of ant…
The fate of disease-associated microglia (DAM) in neuropathologies remains elusive. Lan et al. generated an Spp1 fate-mapping model to track DAM-like microglia and find that the plasticity of DAM is age dependent. Juvenile stroke leads to the eliminati…
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its progressive form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), are a prevalent cause of chronic liver disease. Savage et al. demonstrate that regulatory T (Treg) cells are enriched in mouse and human NASH and find tha…
Massoni-Badosa et al. present a comprehensive human tonsil cell atlas, identifying 121 cell types and states through multimodal single-cell profiling. This atlas elucidates cell differentiation pathways and regulatory circuits, defines cell states, and…
Mutations of the CBP/p300 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) domain can be linked to leukemic transition in humans. Jaschke et al. reveal that a small-molecule inhibitor of the CBP/p300 histone acetyltransferase activity acutely mobilizes leukocytes from …
When and how T cells make effector or memory decisions is not fully resolved. Abadie, Clark, and Valanparambil et al. uncover a reversible epigenetic switch enabling memory cells to diverge early after activation or dedifferentiate from effector cells …
Although it is known that pro- and anti-inflammatory neutrophils exist, the mechanisms that dictate their polarization remain unclear. Gour et al. report that neutrophils express a canonical neuronal receptor, Mrgpra1, and a neuropeptide ligand, neurop…
Tuft cells are central regulators of type 2 immunity in the intestine. Eshleman et al. reveal that commensal bacterial-derived butyrate restricts stem cell development into tuft cells through the epigenetic-modifying enzyme HDAC3. The microbiota can th…
